During the 19th century, the social, economic and political pressures assisted in dramatically shaping the European continent in a way which forever altered the nations and people that inhabited them. In less than a century, the absolutist ideas of a prior regime began to fade away and paved the way for the revolutionary ideals of democracy and freedom across entire Europe. Industrialization, coupled with vibrant economic connections significantly fueled the revolutions via the advancement of inequality and social strife. Further, imperialism and nationalist sentiments directly impacted on the transformations through firing competition and racism between the nation-states that came up. The Europeans witnessed sporadic and uneven waves of change in the 19th century.
Allen (2017) argued that t he social environment, especially with labor and society, were not conducive. There were reduced standards of living and severe working conditions, and as such, the people had to bear to bear so much. The initial labor leaders obtained some degree of sympathy in progressive parliamentarians ( Crosby, 2015) . Any amount of states interference in the affairs of the existing factories encountered massive amounts of opposition by the industrialists and owners of companies. Child labor ensued throughout the 19th century. A lot of children who were under the under 1o years worked in the British industries in the 19th and viewed as “pauper apprentices” with regards to British law. For example, the cotton factories required nimble and small fingers to perform the demanding job, and as such approximately one-fifth of the workers were below 13 years. The children were had little time for education and this for a long time reduced the social standing for a majority of people in Europe.
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All the same, 19th century was a remarkable period with great innovations coming up across Europe. It is during this period that slavery was significantly reduced not just in Europe but across the world. Across Europe, there was the formation of new settlements, and that ushered people into a new era of stylish living.
Great revolution and aspects of nationalism were witnessed across Europe. The goals, beliefs and ideals of the people changed eternally as a result of the revolution process.
Crosby (2015) confirmed that many of the fundamental tenets of European society and culture remained after the revolution. The liberation concepts birthed French revolution, and that immensely served to challenge the existing aristocracies and monarchies in Europe. That was followed by the structuring of a future government that would be more responsible for their people and respect the rule of law. It is during the 19th century that the democratic virtues that advocate for liberty and equality were created. It is through this that the current model of governance came into play. Western Europe realized upheavals in their social and political systems at a faster rate than the countries in the east. The nationalist sentiments aided the advancement in the thoughts of revolution ( Allen, 2017) .
Industrialization was immensely realized across Europe, and that transformed the lives of several Europeans substantially as compared to the French revolution. There was plenty of food across Europe and that lead to the growth in the population. That was caused by the advancement in agriculture. The population growth of population was essential for the development of towns and cities for labor and market for the vast amounts of produce ( Crosby, 2015) . Transportation and technology, for instance, steamboat provided a more natural way to ship consumer products in large quantities. Such levels of revolution especially in agriculture, transport and technology immensely spurred economic growth at that time.
References
Allen, R. C. (2017). The Industrial Revolution: A Very Short Introduction (Vol. 509). Oxford University Press.
Crosby, A. W. (2015). Ecological imperialism . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
