Hypertension is the severe boost of blood pressure above 140/90 that eventually leads to end-organ damage and causes increased morbidity and mortality. Blood pressure is the grouping of cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance, whereas arterial hypertension is raised cardiac output or a heightened systemic vascular resistance or, sometimes, both cases. Maladaptive responses pertain to family history, avoidance, and coping strategies. For instance, when a person has stress, they will respond negatively to hypertension (Simonneau et al., 2017). On the other hand, physiological response to hypertension happens when there is no smooth inner lining, which causes excess blood to flow in the body leading to the damage of the inside wall of the arteries.
The main objective of hypertension management is to decrease high blood pressure and to defend essential organs such as the brain, heart, and kidneys from harm. A successful cure of hypertension has been found to reduce cases of stroke, heart attack, and heart failure. The primary drug of hypertension is diuretics, which assist in getting clear of extra sodium and water. It also helps in controlling blood pressure (García et al., 2017). Another treatment is beta-blockers that decrease heart rate, load, and blood output, which will reduce blood pressure. Another treatment is ACE inhibitors, which assist the body yield fewer angiotensin making the blood vessels ease and open up.
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Multiple patient factors might impact the pathophysiology of hypertension and reduce the effectiveness of the drugs. For instance, when there is too much salt in the diet, it will make arteries constrict, which leads to increased high blood pressure. Additionally, when there is too little potassium in the food, it will make the blood vessels to relax. When a patient is also not physically active, the body will fail to release natural hormones and cytokines, which increase the risk of being overweight.
References
García, C. G., Martin, D. A., Martínez, M. A., Merchán, C. R., Mayorga, C. A., & Barragán, A. F. (2017). Pathophysiology of hypertension secondary to obesity. Archivos de cardiologia de Mexico , 87 (4), 336. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28262443/
Simonneau, G., Torbicki, A., Dorfmüller, P., & Kim, N. (2017). The pathophysiology of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. European Respiratory Review , 26 (143), 160112. https://err.ersjournals.com/content/26/143/160112?ctkey=shareline
