Hypertension has been classified the most common cardiovascular illness experienced by older adults, which significantly undermines care outcomes, propels increased mortality rates in convalescents, and results in inflated healthcare expenditures. While pharmacological intervention is preferred by medical practitioners, contemporary physicians and therapists have increasingly recommended the treatment of the disease using non-pharmacological methods, such as exercise, eating foods with regulated sodium levels, observing diets that are low in fat, weight reduction for obese older adults, and therapy to reduce fear and anxiety to alleviate blood pressure ( Kazeminia, Daneshkhah, Jalali, Vaisi-Raygani, Salari, & Mohammadi, 2020) . This research aims to seek the effects of exercise on the partial or complete treatment of hypertension in senior citizens aged 65 years and above.
Setting
The study to determine the effectiveness of exercise as an intervention option for hypertension in older citizens will take place at an assisted living facility in California, with specialized programs for treatment of morbidities such as blood pressure. The selected assisted living center will have a maximum of 50 residents, and part of the latter population must be on current pharmacological or non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension. For better outcomes, the senior citizens must reside in personal rooms, to ensure successful case-by-case exercise therapy intervention from hired physicians. Finally, residents must have strict supervision from care givers, to ensure that patients engage in exercise even in the absence of the study team.
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Research Design
The research on the effectiveness of exercise in lowering blood pressure in older adults will assume qualitative and quantitative mixed research design. The study members will conduct an extensive literature review to identify the current information and statistical evidence of the effectiveness of exercise as an intervention for blood pressure. Later, study individuals will visit the assisted living center to collect data through observation and statistical recording of patients’ blood pressure. Finally, data analysis will be performed using SPSS, and research conclusion designed. The mixed research design was selected for its enhanced accuracy of study outcomes, ease of interpreting results, and effectiveness of statistical data over qualitatively collected information.
Sample and Sampling Procedure
The research will use the random sampling method because of limited resources, as the assisted living center may only have one physical exercise trainer for a patient population of up to 15 individuals. As such, the study sample will be limited to five individuals to ensure they receive maximum attention from the exercise trainer, and are allocated adequate resources that will enhance their engagement in physical exercise. Patients will receive prior education on the expected aerobic and anaerobic exercises they should engage in, frequencies, when to report for body check-up, and danger signs to report. For this study, only 3 male and 2 female participants will be engaged, whose ages must vary from 65 years to 70 years. Other demographic factors, such as marital status and education levels are non-issues for this research.
Ethics/ Institution Review Board
Patients will receive intensive education on the possible negative consequences of engaging in physical exercise, as well as strict instructions to continue using any pharmacological medication they may be on ( Yip, Han, & Sng, 2016) . Participants will also sign non-disclosure forms as assurity that all data collected will be treated in accordance with the health insurance portability and accountability act (HIPAA), and exercise intervention will be immediately stopped should a patient exhibit danger signs such as abnormal vital signs.
References
Kazeminia, M., Daneshkhah, A., Jalali, R., Vaisi-Raygani, A., Salari, N., & Mohammadi, M. (2020). The effect of exercise on the older adult’s blood pressure suffering hypertension: Systematic review and meta-analysis on clinical trial studies. International Journal of Hypertension , 2020 , 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2786120
Sileyew, K. J. (2019). Research Design and Methodology . https://www.intechopen.com/books/cyberspace/research-design-and-methodology
Yip, C., Han, N. R., & Sng, B. L. (2016). Legal and ethical issues in research. Indian Journal of Anesthesia , 60 (9), 684-688. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5049.190627
