The systematic and random error can be introduced in descriptive statistics. Bias can lead to inaccuracy while random error can bring about an impression. In particular, it is possible to obtain an estimate of a random error that is imprecise but not a must to be inaccurate. To increase the precision of a study, the confidence interval is used by increasing the study’s sample size. On the other hand, the systematic error would occur when there are deviations that do not result exclusively from chance.
The occurrence of bias is normally witnessed in measuring devices. Specifically, it occurs when the devices are not used properly of they have problems in measuring. Since the systematic error is within the limitations of the device, it is difficult to prevent systematic error. The user of the devices has to understand the procedure of using them and their limitations.
Delegate your assignment to our experts and they will do the rest.
A controversial case that has used statistics is that of cancer causation involving the tobacco companies. The manufacturers of tobacco provided their statement concerning the issue, as shown by Milberger et al. The use of statistics, in this case, is the claim by Marlboro that there is evidence to show that lung cancer and other diseases are caused by tobacco (Milberger et al., 2019) .
In particular, tobacco smokers are likely to develop these kinds of diseases but non-smokers would unlikely develop the diseases. However, the information from the case reported that there was no scientific evidence to show that lung cancer is caused by cigarettes and the claim that the plaintiff had lung cancer was not true. Therefore, the case became controversial since it lacked evidence to show that tobacco cause or does not cause cancer. It is hard to link directly what really happened to the case.
References
Milberger, S., Davis, R., Douglas, C., Beasley, J., Burns, D., Houston, T., &Shopland, D. (2019). Tobacco manufacturers' defence against plaintiffs' claims of cancer causation: throwing mud at the wall and hoping some of it will stick.
