Based on literature review, the claim that the trust in police is an integral part of African presence of democracy can be tested through a chi-square test. Tentatively, this unveil if there is any statistical relationship between the two variables. Chi-square test is suitable here because presence of democracy is a categorical variable measured in a dichotomous scale (Satorra & Bentler, 2001). Given the case, the null hypothesis will claim that the Pearson correlation coefficient is equal to zero in that there is no relationship. Based on the findings, the claim can be retained and concluded that there is a strong association between trust in police and presence of democracy among the Africans, X2 = 1,242.165, p < 0.05 (Barrett et al., 2012). The results are meaningful in that; it is plausible to enhance citizen’s democracy level through improving police services that would lead to increased trust.
Table 1
Crosstabulation for Trust in Police and Presence of Democracy
Table 2
Association between Trust in Police and Presence of Democracy
Scenario 2
Considering the fact that the citizen’s trust in police is associated with their level of democracy, it is possible to determine whether their trust in police varies with their area of residence. In this case, the area of residence may be treated as the independent variable while the trust in police be treated as the dependent variable. With such a case, the null hypothesis would be that the Pearson correlation coefficient is zero. The area of residence significantly affects the Africans trust in police, X 2 = 877.477, p < 0.05 (Berkman & Reise, 2011). The result is meaningful because people living in urban settings may have more chances of interacting with police than people in rural areas and this may shape their believes and perceptions, as well as, trust in them.
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Table 3
Chi-square analysis between Trust in police and area of residence
Scenario 3
The scenario seeks to assess if there is any relationship between perceptions of current economic conditions and the extend of citizen’s democracy. Given such a scenario, the null hypothesis would be that there is no relationship between the two variables (the Pearson correlation coefficient is zero) (Mishra, 2005). A Chi-square test with a significance level of 5% found that, there is a strong association between the extent of democracy of the citizens and the current economic condition of their respective countries. The results are meaningful because it is possible to enhance the democracy levels of the citizens their initiating projects that increase the economic welfare of the citizens.
Table 5
Cgi-square analysis between extent of democracy and current economic condition.
References
Barrett, K. C., Morgan, G. A., Leech, N. L., & Gloeckner, G. W. (2012). IBM SPSS for introductory statistics: Use and interpretation . Routledge.
Berkman, E. T., & Reise, S. P. (2011). A conceptual guide to statistics using SPSS . Sage.
Mishra, S. (2005). Research methods in the social sciences. British Journal of Educational Technology , 36 (3), 579-580.
Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (2001). A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis. Psychometrika , 66 (4), 507-514.
