The Center for Disease Control and Prevention is a part of the American Department of Health and Human Services that conducts and supports public health activities within and outside the United States. CDC prioritizes protecting all people's health and on scientific excellence that ensures improved public health. The CDC keeps humanity at the forefront and the mission to ensure public health protection through promotions, preventions, and preparedness (Berríos-Torres et al., 2017). The CDC's primary aim is to find out what kills or makes people sick and then respond by taking actions or measures that protect lives and keep people healthier. With particular efforts on increasing the support to local and state's health departments, decreasing the leading cause of death, and improving global health, CDC works hand in hand with many partners from the local, state, and national level to improve the health of the public. This paper aims to discuss how CDC receives, distributes, and spent funds when delivering its mandates of promoting public health in the United States of America.
Funding of CDC'S Services and Products
Through the CDC Foundation's assistance, the Center for Disease Control and prevention receives funding from different sources such as corporations, foundations, universities, NGO organizations, and philanthropic grants from individuals to help fight human health safety threats (Ahmed, 2018). The CDC does not have a large endowment to support activities; however, it builds an administrative fee, usually 16% in each grant or agreement, to support administrative costs. Through Congressional authorization, CDC contributes some of the funds to the foundation every year to help cover the operation costs. In 2020, CDC used a significant amount of grants and cooperative agreements to fund research and non-research public health programs that aim to advance Americans' safety and health within and outside the country.
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In the fiscal year 2020, the Office of Grant Services facilitated approximately 5,088 grant awards to 1,861 recipients that generated 13,771 actions amounting to $19.5 billion. The funds played a critical role in supporting public health programs worldwide (CDC, 2021). Every year, the CDC awards approximately $7 billion across 14,000 separate grants and contract actions that help health-related organizations disseminate information, enhance preparedness, prevent diseases, and conduct research and surveillance to improve public health quality.
Impact of Funding to Services provided by CDC
Even though the United States of America spent approximately $3.6 trillion on healthcare every year, less than 3% of that amount is directed to promotion and prevention programs for public health diseases (Speer et al., 2020). Since the Great Recession, the amount of money allocated to promote public health in the United States has been reducing, and the country is battling to address the 21st-century using 20th-century resources. Financial resources are necessary to ensure that CDC delivers its mission of protecting Americans from health and safety threats within and outside the country. With sufficient funding, CDC increases the people's health promotion and security, thus saving many lives from health threats. The CDC also requires enough funds to conduct critical researches and provides health information that protects the nation from dangerous health threats.
Channeling the necessary financial resources to CDC enables it to implement its programs that ensure early detection and control of outbreaks in saving many lives and reducing the cost of healthcare. CDC also extends its healthcare promotion services to other countries when there are sufficient financial resources. Building capacity in foreign countries requires enormous financial support to help the public prevent, detect, and respond to various health threats. The goal of stopping diseases where they occur as soon as it starts is a demanding task that requires sufficient finding to enable CDC to take the appropriate actions and control the outbreak.
Distribution and Expenditure of CDC Funds
There are three primary sectors where CDC spends its financial resources. The first one involves putting science into action by turning research into tools and activities that can track diseases, thus saving Americans' lives. The second and essential sector is responding, containing, and eliminating health threats by establishing labs that play a critical role in identifying diseases, biosecurity threats, food-borne outbreaks, and environmental hazards. The CDC also spends many resources on the third sector of strengthening the communities. The CDC works with the local and state public health departments to protect people against health threats through providing necessary supports to improve public health.
In 2020, CDC spent approximately $6.594 billion to promote healthcare within the United States and other countries worldwide. When protecting Americans against infectious diseases, CDC spends $2.557 billion and $1.692 billion on preventing the leading causes of illness, disability, and death in 2020. When protecting the public against natural and bioterrorism threats, CDC spends $825 million and another $468 million on monitoring health and ensuring laboratory excellence in the United States. While providing global disease protection and public health outside America, CDC spent approximately $457 million in 2020. The CDC further used $409 million to protect and keep Americans safe against environmental and occupational hazards and another $185 million to support disease prevention programs and build necessary facilities to enhance public health (Devi, 2020). CDC, therefore, spends its resources in different sectors to help promote general health not only in America but also across the world.
CDC and Funds
Funds from different sources are one of the primary things that enable the CDC to function effectively. Without financial support, the CDC cannot deliver its mandate of protecting people in America and over 100 countries worldwide. Since CDC is a non-profit organization, funding is its primary source of finances that enables it to operate and promote the public's health across the world. CDC, through its foundation, has launched numerous programs that help address a variety of health threats from chronic diseases that include cancer, cardiovascular complications, infectious diseases, for instance, HIV and rotavirus, and emergency responses for cases like Covid-19 and Ebola. Delivering such a service on a large scale requires a lot of financial resources. Using a salesforce, CDC can achieve a 360-degree view of non-profit partners worldwide that help raise critical dollars and distribute grants to globally support essential public health initiatives.
Funding has a significant effect on the operation of the CDC. The finances enable the organization to administer healthcare promoting services to the public across the globe. The activities and programs that CDC undertake to improve healthcare require enormous resources. Funding enables the organization to respond, contain, and eliminate health threats from the public, strengthen the communities, and put science into action to improve people's health. Sourcing financial support from philanthropic partners such as CDC Foundation has been complex. Still, currently, the organization's use of salesforce grant management is revolutionizing the challenging grant-making process, ensuring faster delivery of life-saving funds. Since financial resources are critical to the CDC's operation, the salesforce grant management tool plays a significant role in streamlining the complicated process of receiving funds from well-wishers. The tool enables grant-makers to track, manage, and deliver financial resources more quickly as it also simplifies the work of grant-seekers to find and apply for funds. Delivering funds promptly is even more critical than ever, especially when addressing the problem of the Covid-19 pandemic because it means life and death to the victims.
Establishing the most efficient way of handling funds in the organization is critical for successful operation in CDC. For instance, the use of the salesforce grants management tool makes it easy for non-profit organizations to share how they use their resources and the impact on public health (Sharma et al., 2020). By simplifying the application and disbursement process of funds enable the grantees to engage with a grants management tool and deliver vital resources and build a long-lasting relationship with the organization, they are funding. Establishing a good relationship between CDC and grantees is essential because it will ensure continued financial support to the organization to promote public health in America and other parts of the world.
Amount of Funds CDC Receives per Annum
Financial support is key to the effective operation of CDC, and every year, the organization receives approximately $6 billion on average. In 2018 and 2019, the organization received a total of $11 billion grants which $8.4 billion was used within the United States while $2.6 billion was spent in other countries across the globe. The top recipient of CDC funds between 2018 and 2019 outside America was South Africa ($437 million), Uganda ($400 million), Switzerland ($184 million), and Zambia ($170 million). The top programs the CDC funded during 2018 and 2019 were global aids amounting to ($2.7 billion), emergency programs and health preparedness (($1.6 billion), HIV prevention programs (($777 million), and immunizations (($690 million). In 2020, CDC received approximately ($6.8 billion) of which $854.3 million was channeled to Prevention and Public Health Funds and $225 million to Nonrecurring Expenses Funds (Health and Human Services Department, 2020). The average annual funds received by CDC is approximately 6 billion, out of which some is spent outside America to promote public health in over 100 countries across the world.
Products and Services Funded by CDC and their Distribution
CDC provides financial support to various services and products that aim at promoting the health of the public in many countries (CDC, 2021). CDC Healthy Schools is one of the organization's services to ensure that it stimulates students' health through healthy eating and physical activities across the country's learning institutions. The service also addresses chronic health issues such as obesity, diabetes, and asthma among the learners. CDC also provides another service of promoting good nutrition, regular physical exercises, and healthy weight for people of all ages in places where they live, learn, play, and work. CDC also promotes the public's health by conducting critical epidemiological research and collecting essential health information to help identify the most effective way of addressing the impact of health complications on the people.
Across different communities, health systems, private and public firms, the CDC supports activities and control strategies to prevent heart diseases and stroke. CDC works in conjunction with the state health department and cancer organizations to improve cancer prevention and early detection to reduce the risk of cancer and its related impacts among Americans. Oral health is another critical service provided by CDC by supporting federal and state initiatives to address public oral problems. CDC participates in monitoring health trends, translating research into practice, and advancing effective measures to promote oral health and reduce dental care costs among the public.
CDC plays a critical role in addressing issues related to reproductive health, maternal and infant health. For half a century, CDC has contributed to improving healthcare among women, children, and families by engaging in research, monitoring health, and providing scientific assistance. CDC also helps health facilities across the US promote breastfeeding and monitoring reports to ensure good health among young children. CDC is one of the organizations that provide Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) programs that address chronic diseases for specific racial and ethnic groups. REACH programs play a vital role in empowering the community organizations to identify the needs, resources, and opportunities that a particular group requires to help address chronic diseases.
Conclusion
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention works with the American Department of Health and Human Services to promote people's health in the United States and over 100 countries across the world. CDC aims to address issues that affect human health by conducting activities and programs to promote public health. Funding is one of the primary requirements that enable CDC to operate effectively and cannot do without it. CDC receives financial support from different sources that include corporations, foundations, NGOs, universities, organizations, and individuals. The funding from various sources enables CDC to deliver its mandates. Sufficient financial resources are necessary to ensure that the organization promotes public health in the United States and other needy countries worldwide. CDC receives an average of $6 billion annually, enabling it to promote research to solve health problems, respond and eliminate health threats and strengthen the communities to achieve quality health.
Since CDC depends on organizations, individuals, and NGOs to acquire financial resources, marketing and advertisement play a critical role in ensuring the organization receives the necessary support to enable it to deliver its services. With marketing and advertisements, the CDC can reach many people who are willing to provide financial support, allowing them to operate effectively within and outside America. Health-promoting organizations can also benefit from marketing and advertisement because it enables them to identify institutions such as CDC that can provide essential financial support to help them achieve their set goals and objectives. Since funds are critical to the CDC's success, it is, therefore, recommendable for the organization to enhance its marketing and advertisement strategies to reach many people who can provide financial and other necessary resources. Channeling resources to critical sectors is another vital step that CDC needs to take to ensure quality health to the American and other beneficiaries across the globe.
References
Ahmed, Z. (2018). CDC Engagement with The Global Fund: Current Approaches and Opportunities for Enhanced Collaboration.
Berríos-Torres, S. I., Umscheid, C. A., Bratzler, D. W., Leas, B., & Stone, E. C. (2017). Centers for disease control and prevention guideline for the prevention of surgical site infection. JAMA surgery, 152(8) , 784-791.
CDC. (2021, March 5). Center for Disease Control and Prevention . Retrieved from Grants: https://www.cdc.gov/grants/index.html
Devi, S. (2020). US public health budget cuts in the face of COVID-19. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(4) , 415.
Promotion, N. C. (2021, February 19). CDC . Retrieved from Budget and Funding: https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/programs-impact/budget/index.htm
Services, D. o. (2020, December 21). Center for Disease Control and Prevention . Retrieved from Public-Private Partnerships and CDC: https://www.cdc.gov/partners/gift-funding.html
Sharma, A., Rangarajan, D., & Paesbrugghe, B. (2020). Increasing resilience by creating an adaptive salesforce. Industrial Marketing Management, 88 , 238-246.
Speer, M., McCullough, J. M., Fielding, J. E., & Faustino, E. (2020). Excess medical care spending: the categories, magnitude, and opportunity costs of wasteful spending in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 110(12) , 1743-1748.
