A dearth of information poses a significant threat to the integrity of an argument. Even with enough support for claims, an argument can still be biased, based on weakness in structuring and strategy. Flawed or misread evidence can as well invalidate an argument’s conclusion. Based on the reason, a logically correct argument needs to be premised on reasonable assumptions and enough evidence. Awareness of common fallacies in reasoning involves considering every advantage and weakness point of an argument. Committing fallacies entails false judgment of the presented factual evidence, leading to faulty conclusions.
The most common reasoning mistakes bear an untenable argumentation pattern. According to Pearson (2017) some of the errors of reasoning that are commonly practiced today, lack standards of proof to support their conclusions. For instance, an argument that does not rely on evidence amounts to an error of reasoning. Another typical example of a reasoning error involves the use of defensive reasoning that leaves no room for exceptions. As well, the use of fallacious arguments constructed out of ignorance is akin to erroneous reasoning. In addition to this is the act of ignoring or suppressing evidence as the basis of an argument. The scenarios mentioned above demonstrate some of the most common argumentation errors that paint human reasoning.
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Hasty generalization is an example that exemplifies an error in reasoning. Wodage (2015) notes that jumping into a conclusion, may either be wrong or right, even when evidence is missing. More often than not, it is specific information that supports hasty generalization through common experience or a common appeal. Generally, this kind of fallacy presents itself as limited and unforeseen. The use of unreliable evidence on case histories, for example, can better illustrate the concept of hasty generalization. In such a case, the approach allows the exploration of facts in areas without better evidence. Overall, fallacies are common day-to-day practices. Given that reasoning errors lead people astray, keenness is important to avoid such errors.
References
Pearson, C. (2017). Eight common fallacies of elementary semiotics. Chinese Semiotic Studies , 13 (4). doi: 10.1515/css-2017-0019
Wodage, W. (2015). Note: Burdens of proof, presumptions and standards of proof in criminal cases. Mizan Law Review , 8 (1), 252. doi: 10.4314/mlr.v8i1.8
