| Image and/or Title of Artifact | Describe the Content | Subtle (or Not So Subtle) Messages about Gender | Describe Related Concepts from Text/Readings |
| 1.Advertisement | In this advertisement, the author tries to make people understand that women are good when it comes to cleaning efficiently. Usually, in the symbolic figure, the woman is shown to have muscle mass on her biceps to portray strength. In the above figure, the author removes the masculine qualities and places a head tie and a wedding ring. The ad targets mother and housewives. | The ad is used to propagate cleaning products, but it makes people understand that women should stay at home and clean, while their husbands should be out making money. The ad lowers the dignity of women by portraying them as housewives (Grau & Zotos, 2016) . | From the text, the concept is the portrayal of women in advertising. The aim of using women in advertising is to encourage individuals to consume. Ads use visual images targeting a particular group of people to buy some specific products (Fixmer-Oraiz' & Wood, 2017) . This mes sage is relevant to the artifact because it shows how women are discriminated against in adverts. The message relates to the artifact in that they both explain how women are stereotyped in advertising. |
| 2.Magazine cover |
In modern media, most of the magazines focus on sexual health, sexual completion, and obtaining man's approval. Most of the magazines have sexual innuendo which makes people understand that women are for sexual satisfaction The woman on the magazine cover is slim, has long hair, and she is posing in a submissive and sexy manner. The image on the magazine cover depicts an unrealistic and overhyped portrayal of women. A female having a perfect figure hair, make-up, and clothes act as role model younger girls. After seeing such kind of image in magazines, the younger generations create high standards to mimic. |
The message perpetuated by the image is that women are sexual objects for men. The men use the normally scantily-dressed and attractive women as idol-like figures. The magazine guides women on how to look good and for men. In the past, women were portrayed as housewives, but today women are portrayed as sex objects for men (Döring & Poeschl, 2016) . | The concept from the text is how women are portrayed as sex objects in media. Women in media are considered as being emotional, being sexual, and flirting with men (Fixmer-Oraiz' & Wood, 2017) . The message from the text is related to the artifact in that it explains why women in magazine covers are portrayed as sex objects. The test and the artifact are related because they both explain how women are stereotyped. |
| 3.A scene from a movie | The film “ Hidden Figures” is about how sexism played a big role in preventing women from reaching their potentials. In the 60s, women were allowed to join the University, but at some point, they were supposed to forego their careers in order to marry and bear children while performing house chores (Serano, 2016) . The movie tells about how three black mathematician women who fought against discrimination and sexism to work at NASA. The scene shows a black woman in a class with only white women. | The message that the artifact sends is that men are more intelligent than women. The ideal and norms conveyed by the artifact are that the responsibility of women is to bear children and housekeeping. The scene from the movie tries to show that women and men are equal. | The concept chosen from the text is stereotyping women in movies. Women in media are always stereotyped as sex objects, even if they are featured as strong and competent like in the artifact. This concept is related to the media artifact in that they both explain how women are portrayed in society and how men see them. |
| 4. A music video | In the music video "Blurred Lines by Robin Thicke" men are seen dressed professionally, while women are dressed in provocative clothing. Men in the music video are stereotyped as dominant and aggressors. In the video, women are seen wearing revealing clothes and dancing provocatively to attract the attention of their male counterparts. Throughout the music, women are dressed in outfits that reveal their butts and breast. | The message obtained from the artifact is that it is normal for women to take part in behaviors that are considered sexually aggressive, and men are not expected to engage in such kind of behavior. Music videos encourage the concept of femininity and masculinity in order to define our roles in society (Wallis, 2010) . | In the text, the artifact is related to the concept of masculinity, which states the roles of women and men in achieving social status. |
| 5. A television news report | In television news reports, women are underrepresented as news subjects. This is because 76% of people heard about in the news are men, while the rest are women. The above picture shows how the men have dominated the television news report, especially sports report. Men are valued more than women when it comes to news report s (Mannila, 2017) . | The message about gender from the artifact is that men are better news reporters that women, especially in matters of sports and political news. Women can only report news concerning science and health. | Women in media are portrayed in a manner consistent with traditional stereotypes. Men are considered as housewives, and they should engage in domestic activities (Fixmer-Oraiz' & Wood, 2017) . This concept is related to the artifact in that they both explain how women and men are portrayed in media. |
References
Döring, N. R., & Poeschl, S. (2016). How gender-stereotypical are selfies? A content analysis and comparison with magazine adverts. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 955-962.
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Fixmer-Oraiz', N., & Wood, J. T. (2017). Gendered Lives: Communication, Gender and Culture. Boston : Cengage Learning .
Grau, S. L., & Zotos, Y. C. (2016). Gender stereotypes in advertising: a review of current research. International Journal of Advertising, 35(5), 761-770.
Mannila, S. (2017). Women and men in the news: Report on gender representation in Nordic news content and the Nordic media industry. Nordic Council of Ministers.
Serano, J. (2016). Whipping girl: A transsexual woman on sexism and the scapegoating of femininity. Hachette UK.
Wallis, C. (2010). Performing Gender: A Content Analysis of Gender Display in Music Videos. Sex Roles, 64(3-4), 160-172.
