Research shows that adults going out to eat after 9.00 PM tend to wake up the next morning with headaches more often. They conclude that eating out after 9.00 PM causes you to be ill the next day.
The lurking variable refers to the unknown variable that is not controlled for. Usually, this variable tends to have a significant effect on the variables of interest. Even though they are extraneous variables, they make the relationship between the dependent and independent variables to be seen differently, other than it is.
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In the relationship between eating out at nine and having a headache the next morning, adults eating outside might be engaging in more activities than eating. Maybe, when they go out to eat, they have a few glasses of alcohol. Alcohol has effects on several neurotransmitters in the brain, which is associated with headaches. As a diuretic, alcohol causes people to wake up hydrated, which can exacerbate a hangover headache. Also, adults eating out at 9.00 PM may be staying awake till so late in the night working, hence going to bed late. They might also be spending more time in restaurants catching up with their friends, thus causing them to return home late. Stress is also a common cause of headaches. Maybe people eating out at nine are overwhelmed by their work, and they barely have enough time to rest.
Another lurking variable that might be causing headaches is insomnia. Lack of sleep is considered a great trigger for morning headaches. Therefore, sleep disorders like insomnia cause people to be restless and have trouble sleeping. This causes people to lack enough rests that might result in headaches due to fatigue. Although there is a correlation between eating out at 9.PM and waking up with headaches the next day, it does not mean that eating out at 9.PM causes headaches. There are other many lurking variables related to the same.
