The development of infrastructure is an important driver of the economy. Infrastructure development influences economic development by facilitating trade and mobility and includes the construction and installation of electricity, roads, public utilities, airports, railways, telecommunication, and water systems. Growing countries such as those experiencing urbanization will be favorable for infrastructure development especially in providing transport and power systems. Saudi Arabia has continued to grow economically and is expected to maintain its central position as the Middle East largest construction market. Saudi Arabia is influenced by various factors such as the possession of a young and growing population, urban growth resulting in urbanization and industrialization (DeJarnette, 2010). It, therefore, continues to experience demands for the construction of industrial property such as industrial cities logistic facilities, transportation, and public utilities.
The essay aims at providing a concise analysis of administrative economic and political context for the development of infrastructure. The exercise involves the conducting of a SWEAT MSO assessment where the members of such a team gather information on community needs. SWEAT MSO analysis which stands for sewer, water, electricity, academics, trash, medical, security and other is significant in the assessment of the basic needs of a community. It assesses needs through a discussion with the village or area leaders for agreement and after gathering information on the possible lists of projects for the area the team presents the options to the village leaders (Williams, 2005). In Saudi Arabia construction the development of infrastructure motivated by the aspirations of the new leadership to grow the economy of the country aimed at the accomplishment of a complete and balanced development.
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Various models have been produced by civilian experts to provide tools for to practitioners with the aim of discovering the most effective method for restoration of essential services to the communities during counterinsurgency operations in an area. The SWEAT MSO assessment as one of the common models utilized as a mission carried out by the US forces in areas of worldwide operations provides an opportunity to assess the needs for the local population through interaction (Caldwell et al., 2009).The models seek to understand, prioritize and execute essential services for community restoration. The mission is conducted on mostly person to person with the local leaders to develop a list of credible projects as a command emergency response for the local community (Wagner & Disparte, 2016). The assessment is beneficial in the creation of allies as people interact with the concerns of the community and provides the various project for the community to choose.
The SWEAT MSO model is applicable in Saudi Arabia due to the involvement of the government in counterinsurgency operations in the country which includes the military, paramilitary, political economic psychological and civic actions undertaken by the government to reduce insurgency (Williams, 2005). In the Saudi Arabian government is in need of restoration of the essential services especially infrastructure and other supportive services (Wagner & Disparte, 2016). The government needs to provide such services to enhance survival and meet the comfort needs of the people as a way for the government to show its legitimacy and to decrease the support of the insurgency (Caldwell et al., 2009).The operation is being undertaken by the department of defense to ensure the guidance and allocation of resources that are required by the military force to execute restoration services and infrastructure.
The SWEAT model emerged after years of the army conducting essential services restoration during and after combat restoration (Sheehan-Dean & Project Muse, 2007). The sweat model it provides essential services as follows:
Sewerage
The army provide the essential services in ensuring that the sewerage system is fully operational and working to meet the needs of the community.it assess the status of the local sewerage system and any health and environmental risks available.
Water
It facilitates the functioning of water treatment plants. It also ensures the systems are fully functional and distribution is well spread in the locality. It identifies other potable sources of water available, their adequacy and facilitates the testing process to ensure it I safe for community consumption.
Electricity
They are tasked with the functioning of the electricity plants by ensuring that all are open and that the power lines in the area are intact and provides power to the society. It also assesses the electrical generation facilities and the status of the transmission infrastructure (Williams, 2005). It ensures that the crucial beneficiaries of the power system such as hospitals governments’ buildings schools have their needs met in time. Other sources of fuel for transportation heating and cooking are examined as well as adequate systems for the distribution of the available sources.
Academics
It aims at ensuring that all schools are open, staffed and supplied. It also facilitates attendance of students, teachers, and other staff in the provision of services.it evaluates schools in need of repair and rebuilding to eliminate suffering and inconveniences.
Trash
Ensures that all trash is disposal and trash services are in place. It facilitates the opening of the city dump to ensure wastage and disposal of the areas.it evaluates waste in terms of hazardous and infectious waste and seeks to eliminate its detrimental impacts on health and on the environment. It seeks to unveil the ultimate disposal system for trash disposal.
Medical
It is tasked with ensuring that our medical facilities are opened and staffed. The hospitals and clinics remain open and offering services at all times. It evaluates the emergency system and services for animals in the community.
Safety
It includes the provision of vital law enforcement and fire protection are not hindered but remain ongoing throughout the period. Such services include those provided by the police or the fire brigade services,
Other considerations
Under this category, all other considerations that are unspecified are outlined and fulfilled. The Sweat model ensures that all essential services, operations, and critical positions remain staffed .it facilitates infrastructure and the public is secure and that civil order is maintained at all times in the are unaffected by the insurgency.
The Saudi Arabian government in their incorporation of the SWEAT model will follow various steps in for successful provision of essential services and infrastructure. The first steps involve the conducting of infrastructure reconnaissance and assessment of the prevalent social services (DeJarnette, 2010). The evaluation of the basic services provided mainly depends on the command of the army mission, intention and the situation on the growth. An outline of the objectives of the essential services required to be restored is presented. Infrastructure reconnaissance process helps in the identification of problems and the provision of supplementary information for proper planning and reconstruction y the specialists in the specific department (Wagner & Disparte, 2016).
The SWEAT model also engages in the establishment of essential services through the determination of objectives and end states (Williams, 2005). Under this stage, the required conditions are outlined to determine qualifications and their possible achievements and in the end, provide an end state description of how the area will look like after the accomplishments. The final step of the SWEAT model involves project prioritization execution and transformation. When the practitioners engage in the steps outlined above, they will improve the essential services of Saudi Arabia within their set time and resources constraints (Sheehan-Dean & Project Muse, 2007). The model focuses on the achievement of specific lines of the effort to meet the objectives. The model is a powerful tool for analysis and action and will enable the country under scrutiny to execute the planned projects and enhance the host country capacity building.
References
DeJarnette, John. (2010) “Toward a Nation-Building Operating Concept.” Master’s monograph, School of Advanced Military Studies, Command and General Staff College.
Sheehan-Dean, A. C., & Project Muse. (2007). The view from the ground: Experiences of Civil War soldiers . Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky.
Caldwell, W., Flournoy, M., Brimley, S., & Davidson, J. (2009). The U.S. Army Stability Operations Field Manual. University of Michigan Press.
Wagner, D., & Disparte, D. (2016). Global risk agility and decision making: Organizational resilience in the era of manmade risk. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan
Williams, G.H. (2005). Engineering Peace: The Military Role in Post conflict Reconstruction .
Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press.
