Perception affects the (A-O-R) model as well as the Spiral of experience in different ways. Observation and perception are inseparable. For instance, perception can lead to biased observations and can also trigger feelings, needs and prior experiences. For instance, individuals who are stereotypical choose to perceive one aspect or one story of an individual or a community instead of focusing on the different stories or aspects of certain people. In the same vein, reflection focuses on how individuals interpret their observations. When individuals overestimate the dispositional causes of their behavior, they make fundamental attribution errors.
In as far as action is concerned having certain expectations about individuals can tremendously affect how we act as well as how they behave. Most importantly, when our expectations of our subordinates play a causal role in how they act, we tend to believe that we know them better and that they cannot change. For instance, if a supervisor knows an employee is weak in a particular area, he might be afraid to give the employee responsibilities for fear that the employee will fail to deliver. In an event that he gives the employee a task and the employee fails, the supervisor may never trust the employee’s ability to complete a task as required. Moreover, if a supervisor is used to scolding an employee when the employee fails to deliver, the employee may start doubting his own abilities thus affecting his productivity.
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Also worth of pointing out is the fact that perception can have either a negative or a positive effect on the spiral of experience. Experience entails what someone has gone through in the past and how the individual perceived such events. Hence, if an employee has had a patronizing and condescending supervisor in the past, he is likely to be too agreeable and afraid of his current employer.
