In spatter analysis, voids occur when a person or an object blocks the path of blood. Voids help investigators to identify when something is missing in case a person is involved in an incident or if a body is moved ("Bloodstain Pattern Analysis: Principles", 2018). It is mostly used in crime scene investigation to identify the origin and the point of cause of origin. If an object leaves a void in a bloodstain pattern, it will have a bloodstain pattern that is matching to the victim’s blood. This allows the analysts to replace it to the scene of the incident if found ("Bloodstain Pattern Analysis: Principles", 2018). Void patterns help the analysts because they help to establish the position of the victim and the assailant in the same scene.
There are two basic categories in bloodstain analysis. One of the patterns is referred to as dynamic patterns (Ramirez & Parish-Fisher, 2012). This pattern occurs when the blood source is impacted by force (Ramirez & Parish-Fisher, 2012). Dynamic pattern process involves the impact and the spreading of a blood drop on a surface with variable properties such as wettability and porosity. They are also referred to as impact stains since they result from blood projecting through the air ("Bloodstain Pattern Analysis: Principles", 2018).
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Another category is referred to as passive stain. Passive stains occur as a result of some action other than the involvement other than force involvement of force (Ramirez & Parish-Fisher, 2012). It is also referred to as arterial gushing pattern because they come as a result of blood exiting the body under pressure. It can also be seen as a force that caused a spatter. They include drops, flows, pools and any other stain that results from the gravitational pool on an injured body. Following this, we can also refer to the stains as contact patterns, drip trails, drip patterns, blood pools or flows or blood clots.
References
Bloodstain Pattern Analysis: Principles. (2018). Retrieved from http://www.forensicsciencesimplified.org/blood/principles.html
Ramirez, Christine R, and Casie L Parish-Fisher. Crime Scene Processing And Investigation Workbook. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012. Print.
