Explain what the term advocacy means? 80-100 words
| Advocacy is perceived as an aspect where an individual promotes the interest of another person or their position to an extent that their objectivity or independence ends up being compromised (Spalding & Lawrie, 2019). This would require one to argue for a cause, or initiate support and defense on behalf of someone. Moreover, one would have to speak in favor of a person in order for advocacy to be attained. An example of advocacy is lobbying, which involves the act of trying to influence policies. |
Should an auditor be an advocate for a client? You may cite Spalding and Lawrie (2019) and the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct (2016). See Spalding and Lawrie for the link to the Code and how to reference the code. 1 5 0-200 words
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| According to the American Institute of Certified Professional Accountants, an auditor should be an advocate for a client since this is consistent with their role that they have a responsibility to those who seek the professional services of the Company the auditor works for. The auditor is, however, not entirely bound to the obligation. They are also required to cooperate with others in order to enhance the accounting art whose significant aim is to maintain the confidence of the general public. For instance, AICPA standards necessitate that a member who is involved in tax practices should have the right and also responsibility to act as an advocate for such a client with reference to any tax position which meets professional standards (TS 100). For instance, the auditor can ascertain that a taxpayer does not have an obligation to remit more taxes than is legally owed by them. Besides, the auditor has an obligation to adhere to the relevant standards created by the applicable taxing authority. |
Should a tax preparer be an advocate for a client? Please cite and quote AICPA (2018) “Statement on Standards for Tax Services No. 1, Tax Return Positions” paragraph 8 (and any other paragraphs you think are relevant. 8 0-100 words
| A tax preparer should be an advocate for a client. “When recommending a tax return position, a member has both the right and the responsibility to be an advocate for the taxpayer (AICPA, 2018).” Also in addition to the duty that the tax preparer has to the client, they also have a responsibility to the tax system. Further advocacy can be observed in the event that the member discovers that a penalty is bound to be asserted on the taxpayer. In such a case, the tax preparer has an obligation to discuss this eventuality with the taxpayer. |
Explain your answers for 2 and 3. Why are auditing and taxes treated differently as far as client advocacy goes? 8 0-100 words
| It is apparent that auditing is an obligation which the client undertakes at will, however, in regards to taxes, it is an activity which is unavoidable. In this case, the tax preparer has an obligation to inform the tax payer regarding what they are required to remit. Conversely, the auditor does not entirely have an obligation to offer advocacy to the client. Moreover, auditing is done to determine the viability and compliance of an individual to financial obligations, which they are well aware of, unlike taxation where the client may not be fully away of their requirement. |
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References AICPA (2018). Statements on Standards for Tax Services 1-7. https://www.aicpa.org/content/dam/aicpa/interestareas/tax/resources/standardsethics/statementsonstandardsfortaxservices/downloadabledocuments/ssts-effective-january-1-2010.pdf Spalding, A.D. and Lawrie, G.R. (2019). A Critical Examination of the AICPA’s New ‘‘Conceptual Framework’’ Ethics Protocol. Journal of Business Ethics 155, 1135-1152. |
