The anterior and posterior pituitary glands are the primary organs of the endocrine systems. They act as the conduit, secrete, and deliver hormones that come from the hypothalamus. The anterior pituitary is a significant part of the endocrine. The link between the anterior lobe and posterior lobe creates the pituitary gland. Its primary duty is to regulate stress, production, lactations, and growth (Larkin & Ansorge, 2017). The anterior pituitary hormones are synthesized, stored, and secreted by somatotrope cells found in the anterior pituitary glands and consist of about 40% pituitary cells. On the other hand, the posterior pituitary gland acts as the region for releasing the neuro-hypo physical hormones into the bloodstream. The posterior pituitary hormone is synthesized in the cell bodies of the discrete neuron located in the hypothalamus. Unlike other proteins, the hormone is secreted in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus processes the translation product.
Overall, the endocrine gland plus circulatory system distributes hormones throughout the body issues. Hormones are distributed into the blood system, dissolve in the plasma, and are carried along with tissues and fluids via capillaries to reach the intended organ. Hydrophilic hormones do not go through the phospholipid layers due to their double surrounding. In that case, they bind with their surface receptors and link with G-proteins. When these hormones bind, they enhance the development of G-protein components. The developed G-protein leads to activation of adenylyl cyclase enzyme that changes adenosine triphosphate to cAMP (Banks, 2019). The cAMP is responsible for the activation of protein kinase that results in the initiation of phosphorylation. The activation of these components leads to the initiation of the cell signaling path.
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Homeostasis is a condition that makes the body maintain its stability, balance, and equilibrium. Cells are responsible for homeostasis to maintain the precise level. If homeostasis is not working well, the whole body will develop problems based on particular influences. Heart failures and diabetes are typical illnesses that arise due to homeostatic imbalance. Diabetes arises when the endocrine system does not distribute blood at the recommended glucose level. The heart plays a primary role in pumping blood to all organs and ensures homeostasis maintenance (Mauvais-Jarvis, 2018). Old age and heart condition hinder the heart from functioning well, thus interrupting homeostasis.
References
Banks, W. A. (2019). The blood–brain barrier as an endocrine tissue. Nature Reviews Endocrinology , 15 (8), 444-455. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-019-0213-7
Larkin, S., & Ansorge, O. (2017). Development and microscopic anatomy of the pituitary gland. https://europepmc.org/books/nbk425703
Mauvais-Jarvis, F. (2018). Gender differences in glucose homeostasis and diabetes. Physiology & Behavior , 187 , 20-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.08.016
