Abstract
Background
Peru and the Kingdom of Jordan have been involved in vigorous steps to eradicate poverty and hunger along with improving the health of mothers in the respective countries. As a result, they are the focus of the study.
Objectives
To identify the progress made by each of the countries to achieve each of the two millennium development goals.
Delegate your assignment to our experts and they will do the rest.
Search Strategy
Look into the reports provided by the World Bank, UN and other peer related journals focusing on the millennium development declaration.
Selection Criteria
Articles and reports related to the respective countries that identify either of the millennium development goals will be included for the study.
Data Collection and Analysis
A meta-analysis of the research will be conducted to reveal the progress of each country. Targets and indicators associated with each goal will be used to analyze the data effectively.
Main Results
Peru has improved its economy by 50% ensuring better nutrition for children and lowering child mortality while improved economy has made it safer for women to give birth in the country. However, poverty levels continue in the rural areas similar to the health conditions of women.
In Jordan, poverty has drastically reduced due to empowerment of women in the country to be more involved in economic activities. The increase in service jobs particularly in healthcare also improved the maternal health in the country but failed to realize the set goal.
Author’s Conclusions
Significant improvement in the various sectors of health and economy will help these countries realize their respective goals.
Description
Jordan and Peru are the two countries chosen for this report to identify the progress made in achieving the millennium development goals. The selected countries, in this case, was due to their progressive nature towards the achievement of the MDGs. Peru has been able to make massive strides towards achieving the goals set in 2000. It is a representation of the experiences other Latin American countries should emulate towards making significant progress. In the Middle East, Arab nations have been a major cause for concern not only in their political practices but also in the development taking place. However, Jordan has been able to rise above and achieve significant progress.
The two countries have made considerable progress concerning economy one of the main factors observed in the following paper. The following research will incorporate studies that report the progress made on the MDGs like reports by UNDP, WHO, and World Bank. The locals in each of these countries served as the subject participants of the studies used for this report. The targets and indicators set for each country in the millennium developments help provide the outcome measure of the significant progress made over the 15 years.
Search Strategy for Identification of Studies
The search conducted sought to identify developing countries in the world that have incorporated important measures to achieve the goal of eradicating poverty and hunger. The search was made to determine the countries from their respective regions. Latin America was previewed to report on significant progress made by the numerous countries regarding poverty and eradication of hunger. It was evident that Peru was the standout among other nations. The search would also seek to illuminate the experiences of health goals as identified in the MDGs. The issue of maternal health is a major concern in developing countries, and as such it was the basis for searching for relevant studies.
In the Middle East and its surrounding regions, some of the countries have experienced high economic performance due to the oil boom while many others lag behind. In this research, the search sought to identify a state that has made significant steps to improve the economic conditions of its people. This search would illuminate numerous countries and hence it is important to specify the MDGs of eradicating extreme poverty and hunger to bring about various countries in the region. The occurrence of poverty closely associates with health issues, and as a result, the maternal health of the women in the area was highlighted to improve the relevance of the studies found.
Methods of the review
The search study would incorporate numerous databases that are related to health including CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and PubMed. These databases provided multiple studies related to the millennium development goals and the related topics on health. Numerous articles have conducted trials and observational reports to identify the progress of the different countries around the world. However, for the purpose of this study, the Latin American country, Peru and the Middle Eastern Country, Jordan would be the focus of the searches conducted. This criterion would help narrow down the number of studies that focus on millennium development goals. Additionally, it would ensure that the elimination of unrelated data belonging to other countries.
The search strategy also focused on the selection of studies that were related to eradication of poverty and hunger. In this case, numerous studies focusing on Latin American countries found with significant information on the issue at hand. A similar search would also help in identifying the progress made to eradicate poverty and hunger in Middle Eastern countries. This search would then be narrowed down to the various countries of focus, Peru, and Jordan. The second MDG of improving maternal health would be examined to pin down other articles focusing on the progress made in both countries.
Its research design would identify the quality of studies in assessing the progress made. The searches conducted were studies by trusted organizations such as the World Bank, WHO, and UN serving as appropriate as the risk of bias was reduced. Additionally, their main focus were the presented goals and targets as per the MDGs. The articles incorporated for this analysis were seven where both qualitative and quantitative data was identified to derive the conclusions of the study efficiently. These data would be articulated in narrative form to adequately elaborate the findings of the studies while seeking common ground in each country.
Description of studies
The search resulted in multiple sources amounting to 19 articles that could be used to actually be used to conduct research on the progress made by these developing countries on the millennium development goals identified. The various reports incorporated would recognize the significant progress made by Peru and Jordan beyond the year 2011. This criterion would ensure the provision of current data and the projections made towards the achievements of these goals. Ideally, the search would reduce the number of articles for review in a bid to improve the effectiveness of the analysis of data identified. Three studies from each country would be used to appropriately provide a balanced view of the progress made in each.
Methodological quality
The various studies focusing on Jordan had significant concerns as some of them failed to mention the millennium development goals categorically. These studies would focus on the progress practices of the country from the mid-1990s where the government had taken the initiative to improve the economy and health of its citizens (Doucette, 2016). However, there were reports from previous years on the progress made by the Kingdom of Jordan towards improving the MDGs (Hassan, & Stevens, 2010). The development goals concerning the target depicted to achieve and the issues and the challenges observed. As the authors written in correspondence with the UN, it is evident that they are of high quality.
The articles that are focusing on the Latin American country, Peru written by the UN on the progress made in the regarding the various achievements made over the 15 year period. There is a clear depiction of the successes made by the country and the issues that continue to stifle the accomplishment of the Millennium goals. In this regard, the reports incorporated have adequately outlined the multiple goals that are in focus in this research. As the reports on the progress on MDGs were written in correspondence with the UN, WHO, and World Bank, the articles provide quality of data and conclusions made (World Health Organization, 2015).
Results
The country of Peru was noted to have significantly improved its economy significantly over the 15 years of implementing the targets of the MDGs (UNICEF, 2015). The economy has grown by over 50% during this period in a bid to achieve MDG 1 and 4 (Huicho et al., 2016). In this regard, the government of the country has raised the status of citizens from poor to upper-middle income class. This occurrence is evident as the per capita income of the citizen is at $8,857 US. This standard is quite high for a developing country. However, the majority of the individuals in rural areas are unable to achieve the benefits of the economic boom as it only applies to people living in the urban areas. The country has also been able to improve the overall maternal health within the country through significant improvements in the health sector resulting in more live births and lowering child mortality rates under the age of 5 years old.
In the case of Jordan, significant changes were presented over the course of the 15 years where the government aimed to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger along with improving the maternal health. The country has been able to achieve the standard of an upper-middle income economy as the per capita income rests at US $ 4,380 despite the limited resources of the country. Through improvement of structural reforms, the country has incorporated strategies that may be used to propel it to success further. These include policies in the health and education sector in a bid to undertake the challenges of poverty and health concerns for the mothers in the country.
Discussion
From the above results, it is evident that the country of Peru has made drastic changes to its political governance in propelling the country towards the millennium goals. After experiencing a stagnant economy for five decades, the country was able to improve by 50% in just a decade (UNICEF, 2015). This improvement is clear evidence that the country has the potential to achieve the targets set in the following goals for development after 2015. The country, however, has struggled to spread the improvements across its entire population. This occurrence is presented by high poverty in the rural areas of the country where little development has taken place. The health for individuals in these regions is also poor.
In Jordan, the significant improvements in MDG1 and five have largely been the small population of the country. Nearly half the population, amounting to 3 million, lives in the capital Amman. As a result, the government has effectively provided amenities to improve poverty levels, particularly in the rural areas. Through the initiative, if the Queen, the women were empowered to improve their financial capabilities through various programs. Services amount to 75% of the jobs available in the country including the health sector where the government has undertaken numerous measures to ensure positive development (United Nations, 2015). These services have led to improved health among mothers in the country (Obeidat, Hamlan, & Callister, 2014).
Conclusions
The presented countries above have been able to improve both the MDGs 1 and five significantly. In Peru, the biggest achievement is presented by the eradication of poverty leading to higher levels of nutrition in the country. However, the improvement is only concentrated in the urban areas, and the populations in the rural areas seem neglected. In the Kingdom of Jordan, the significant improvement in the health sector where women are now able to survive births while others received fertility care. This improvement is mainly due to increased empowerment of women across the country where the female child is provided with an education equal to the male child. In the previous time, fewer women attended school leading to low levels of income and knowledge on health. The high numbers of service jobs have also increased jobs for women to be involved in nursing, physician, midwives and other health related areas.
References
Doucette, A. M. (2016) “Addressing Inequality and Poverty: An evaluation of Community Empowerment in Jordan.” In R. C., Rist, F. P. Martin and M. Fernandez, Poverty Inequailty and Evaluation . Washington DC: World Bank.
Hassan, J, & Stevens, L. (2010) Keeping The Promise And Achieving Aspirations Second National Millennium Development Goals Report Jordan 2010 . United Nations, Online. Retrieved November 12th 2016 from http://www.mop.gov.jo/echobusv3.0/SystemAssets/pdf/Reports/second%20national.pdf
Huicho, L., Segura, E. R., Huayanay-Espinoza, C. A., de Guzman, J. N., Restrepo-Méndez, M. C., Tam, Y., ... & Peru Countdown Country Case Study Working Group. (2016). Child health and nutrition in Peru within an antipoverty political agenda: a Countdown to 2015 country case study. The Lancet Global Health , 4(6), e414-e426.
Obeidat, H. M., Hamlan, A. M., & Callister, L. C. (2014). Missing Motherhood: Jordanian Women's Experiences with Infertility. Advances in Psychiatry , 2014: 1-7.
UNICEF (2015) What Future Do We Want for Peru? The National Consultation Process for the Post-2015 Development Agenda . Online. Retrieved November 12th 2016 from https://www.unicef.org/peru/spanish/Peru-The-Future-We-Want-National-Consultations-for-_the-Post-2015-Development-Agenda.pdf
United Nations (2015) The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015 . UN, Online. Retrieved November 12th 2016 from http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf
World Health Organization (2015) Success Factors for Women’s and Children’s Health: Peru . Online. Retrieved November 12th 2016 from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/178636/1/9789241509077_eng.pdf
