Harden, K. P. (2014). A sex-positive framework for research on adolescent sexuality. Perspectives on Psychological Science , 9 (5), 455-469.
The study by Harden (2014) aims to evaluate the sex-positive framework that assesses adolescent sexuality. Moreover, it seeks to investigate how adolescents engage in consensual sexual activities. The author stipulates that the traditional risk model in sex education provided in schools emphasizes on the psychological and physical dangers of sexuality. These include unplanned pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections (STI), psychological trauma, and victimization. The author also articulates that this approach primarily advocates for abstinence as the ideal behavior indicating that sex should be between couples. Consequently, this has tremendous effects on adolescent that have not abstained from sex. The study aims to focus exclusively on the risks of teenage sexuality.
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The study uses empirical literature review from other studies to derive its findings. The results from the research indicate that sexuality affects the psychology and health of teenagers by showing that many suffered from anxiety and depression. Their increased sexual activity causes these negative attributes. Additionally, some studies indicated that 30.1% of teenage girls disagree that sexual activities are pleasurable. The study found out that sexual wellness od adolescents can be measured only by evaluating whether the actions cause pleasure, arousal, and intimacy between partners. Notably, the researcher gathered that sexuality in terms of abstinence did not necessarily mean that the teenagers had better psychological functioning compared to those that were sexually active.
In conclusion, the findings of the research can be used in adolescent sexuality by improving the social, health, and psychological outcomes of teenagers. It uses a comprehensive perspective that considers teenage experiences of desire, pleasure, and intimacy. The study indicated that according to the behavioral, genetic, and longitudinal research available, adolescence sexual activity is necessarily physically hazardous and psychologically harmful. The study, therefore, provides the causes and consequences of sexually active adolescents. It consequently discovered that sexual wellbeing involved freedom from anxiety, pain, and adverse effects of sexuality.
Wright, T. (2016). Women's experience of workplace interactions in male‐dominated work: The intersections of gender, sexuality, and occupational group. Gender, work & organization , 23 (3), 348-362.
Wright (2016) conducts a study to investigate how sexuality is employed to control women in their workplace. It aims to evaluate how it is used and applied in a male-dominated occupation such as those in construction and engineering. The article assesses various literature that determines the interactions of sexuality and gender in workplaces. The author stipulates that sexual harassment and consensual activities are likely to occur in these environments. Moreover, they argue that the research conducted on sexuality at work only evaluates how women are treated in sexualized interactions instead of focus on both genders equally. The author, however, articulates that sexuality is a fundamental part of a company. Consequently, they propose that work-related friendships that cross the boundaries of sexuality and sex have been found to provide sexual dynamics to professional relationships.
The study discusses various findings. The outcomes indicate that the interviewees stated that they had little or no experience working with women due to the extent of gender imbalances at male-dominated occupations. The respondents, however, felt that it would be entirely different to work with women compared to men. Moreover, the researcher discovered that there was a distinction between how lesbians and other woman were treated in teams. They indicate that women tend to exhibit solidarity with their college’s in cross boundaries of sexuality.
In conclusion, Wright (2016), indicates that sexuality is common in workplaces. The author suggests some crucial recommendations. They include creating a supportive organizational culture for sexual minorities where leaders ensure that all genders are respected. Additionally, they recommend that networks and support systems should be designed for women who face sexuality-related issues in non-professional occupations. Importantly, the author articulates that to understand informal workplace relationships that cross between friendship and sex, it is critical to evaluate the dimensions of sexuality, gender, and race. Consequently, these will help in creating appropriate policy interventions.
Baumle, A. K., & Poston Jr, D. L. (2011). The economic cost of homosexuality: Multilevel analyses. Social Forces , 89 (3), 1005-1031.
This study evaluates the economic costs that are influenced by homosexuality. The paper is built on other previous researches that have been conducted on the same concept. Policymakers and researchers evaluate the effect of sexual orientation use data from surveys of convenience. These include those obtained from readers in newspapers and magazines.
The studies used by the researcher indicated that heterosexuals are more hostile towards homosexual men compared to lesbians. This outcome suggests a consistency that arises to show that female homosexuality is more acceptable compared to that of men. Additionally, the research indicated that lesbians are more likely to have higher earnings compared to heterosexual women because they hardly interrupt their careers to raise children or build their homes. Homosexual men, however, have lower incomes compared to those that are heterosexual since they are mainly discriminated against in employment. The study indicated that the latter is likely to acquire job opportunities compared to the former. Moreover, according to the findings, heterosexual men tend to have some earned benefits due to the existence of traditional gender roles, and thus they benefit from the care of their women. The study, however, indicated that over the past decade, the acceptance level of homosexuality had significantly increased. The study discovered that same-sex people were likely to disclose their sexual orientation to their employers in the company has and upholds their nondiscriminatory policies.
In conclusion, the study recommends that employers should create a safe environment for their employees to freely express themselves sexually. Moreover, the researchers urge the States to implement anti-discriminatory laws that protect their residents from sexual prejudice. They, nevertheless, commend the repeal of anti-sodomy laws that have existed for decades. The researchers recommend that further research be done in the gay-heterosexual earnings variations and the changing influence of contextual traits.
Boeri, T., Patacchini, E., & Peri, G. (2015). Unexplored dimensions of discrimination . Fondazione Rodolfo Debendetti.
The study sought to explore the extent of discrimination based on an individual’s sexuality. Moreover, it investigates the relationship between homosexuality and religion. Importantly, it evaluated how homosexuals are treated through call back rates in the labor market. After analyzing these factors and relationships, the study attempted to relate anti-discriminatory policies in employment. The research was based on Becker’s model that evaluates how people interact in the profession. The model stipulates that prejudice employers dislike working with people with some observable traits, including sexuality, race, and gender.
The researcher covered various dimensions when developing their findings. They indicated that there is a significant statistical influence in terms of callback rates at the labor market as 3% of homosexual men are affected. Contrary. there was no considerable difference between homosexual females and heterosexual women. Comparing homosexuals to heterosexual men, the former has a 30% rate of never being called back and a 10% rate for being called again as the former. Similarly, the research stated that high skilled homosexuals are more discriminated against compared to those that are low skilled. The study also found out that homosexuals are more penalized in employment compared to homosexual females. It indicated that the relationship between homosexuality and work is negative. There was a correlation between employment discrimination and sexual and physical appearances. The author, however, indicated that homosexuality was not an observable trait, but its exposure is experienced either involuntarily or voluntarily.
In conclusion, in Europe, there are significant variations in the number of same-sex persons that are affected in employment. The study discusses its findings to indicate that being in a homosexual relationship reduced the chance of an individual to get employed in the labor market. It noted that employers discriminate against people based on their physical appearances and sexuality. The author recommends that better quality policies and reliable enforcement procedures should help in enhancing anti-decimation regulations.
Bostwick, W. B., Boyd, C. J., Hughes, T. L., West, B. T., & McCabe, S. E. (2014). Discrimination and mental health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 84 (1), 35.
The study aimed to evaluate the extent of discrimination and mental health issues among homosexuals and bisexuals. Bostwick et al. (2014) documented the health disparities that sexual minorities are faced within the US. The study utilized various studies that demonstrated a heightened prevalence of anxiety and depression among homosexuals compared to heterosexuals. The study explored whether discrimination and prejudice affected these diseases. Moreover, it extended previous research by investigating the relations between multiple forms of discrimination based on gender, race or ethnicity, and sexual orientation in a sample of 577 individuals who comprised of gays, lesbians, and bisexuals. This study used the data from 2013 to develop its findings. The paper stipulated that numerous studies focused on racial discrimination and its effects on mental disorders, and thus it aimed to fill the gap by researching how multiple biases cause psychological diseases among sexual minorities.
The study attained several outcomes. It found out that various types of discrimination have a significant impact on the mental health disorders of homosexuals and bisexuals. Importantly, sexual orientation discrimination, in combination with other forms of prejudice, caused higher odds in disturbances in the previous year. Moreover, it discovered that the relationship between bias and mental health was not only determined by the quantity but also the type of discrimination that the individual faced. The findings also indicated that men and women of color were more affected by discrimination and mental health based on their sexual identity.
The study concluded that discriminatory experiences significantly contribute to mental disorders among sexual minorities. It indicated that the main ailments that people are likely to suffer from included depression and anxiety disorders. The paper attained its goals of identifying a relationship between prejudice and sexualities. The researchers, however, request that further studies be conducted on the relationship between discrimination, multiple marginalized denies, and mental health.
References
Baumle, A. K., & Poston Jr, D. L. (2011). The economic cost of homosexuality: Multilevel analyses. Social Forces , 89 (3), 1005-1031
Boeri, T., Patacchini, E., & Peri, G. (2015). Unexplored dimensions of discrimination . Fondazione Rodolfo Debendetti.
Bostwick, W. B., Boyd, C. J., Hughes, T. L., West, B. T., & McCabe, S. E. (2014). Discrimination and mental health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 84 (1), 35.
Harden, K. P. (2014). A sex-positive framework for research on adolescent sexuality. Perspectives on Psychological Science , 9 (5), 455-469.
Wright, T. (2016). Women's experience of workplace interactions in male‐dominated work: The intersections of gender, sexuality and occupational group. Gender, work & organization , 23 (3), 348-362.
