Advanced Industrial Hygiene

Running head: ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE 1 

Advanced Industrial Hygiene 

1. Perform the following calculation for air concentration. Formaldehyde: 4.0 mg/m 3  = ____ ppm 

Concentration (ppm) = 24.45 x concentration (mg/m 3 ) ÷ molecular weight 

Formaldehyde’s Molecular weight = 30.026g/mol 

(24.45 x 4.0 mg/m 3) /  30.026g/mol 

=3.26 ppm 

2. Perform the following calculation for air concentration. Sulfuric Acid: 2.5 mg/m 3  = ____ ppm 

Sulfuric Acid’s Molecular weight = 98.078g/mol 

(24.45 x 2.5 mg/m 3) /  98.078g/mol 

= 0.62 ppm 

3. Perform the following calculation for air concentration. Benzene: 3.0 ppm = ____ mg/m 3 

Concentration (mg/m 3 ) = (concentration (ppm) x molecular weight)/24.45 

Benzene’s molecular weight = 78.11g/mol 

= ( 3.0 ppm x 78.11g/mol)/ 24.45 

= 9.58 mg/m 3 

4. Perform the following calculation for air concentration. Acetone: 42.0 ppm = ____ mg/m 3 

Acetone’s molecular weight = 58.08g/mol 

= (42.0 ppm x 58.08g/mol)/ 24.45 

= 99.77 mg/m 3 

5. Discuss the similarities and differences that exist between the three basic types of occupational exposure limits (OELs). Describe how each type of OEL is used to control occupational exposures, and provide at least one specific chemical for which each type of OEL has been established.  

Similarities 

The first similarity is that the three Occupational exposure limits (OELs) stem from a progression of multifaceted choices. For all OELs, the geometric means technique applies similarly to the geometric similarity measure. In fact, both start with the tallying the proportions amongst examined OELs alongside an association list. 

Differences  

For each of the OELs, differences manifest in the needs addressed as well as goals of evaluation. Secondly, the objective of issue detailing depict contrasting characteristics for each of the OELs. Thirdly, OELs are developed from a sequence of intricate sets, of which a lot of them have are reliance upon controlled evidence and call for logical hypotheses that differ from one to another. As a matter of fact, the hypotheses and sets brought when challenged with every one of these OELs depict variations among companies. 

Types of OELs 

Word related Exposure banding – This type organizes the health impact information for different endpoints based on subjective factors and contingent on criteria established for each endpoint while subjecting a substance to a potency band. 

Occupational Exposure measures – These are established for substances for which fixation checks are feasible especially where there is no significant hazard to health. Companies are advised to fulfil the requirement to go beneath it and can be established assuming that measures can be executed to encounter it in a practical situation. A case is dimethylaminoethanol which can potentially cause respiratory sharpening. 

6. Discuss the common elements used to derive occupational exposure limits (OELs). Provide your opinion as to which of the elements is the most important.  In settings with vast amounts of chemicals that require evaluation, a screening procedure is included for risk controlling choices irrespective of the likelihood that the existing information may not suffice to set an OEL. Where exposures have occurred, class or hazard centered OELs provide scopes of well-intentioned outline that can be used to support chance assessment and forms of risk management. As such, the methods used in producing OELs differ considerably. A specific approach with an extensive history of success in the pharmaceutical industry is the risk associated banding. Thus, the OEB method arranges wellbeing effects material for diverse endpoints, utilizing the criteria set up for every end point towards putting the evaluated substance in the intensity band. In conducting some associations, it becomes necessary to line up the power groups with a provisional OEL and predetermined risk control and management strategies. 

Forming and setting obligatory word correlated principles for safety and wellbeing consist of determining the extent of representative overview to risks and selecting the expected measures towards controlling such hazards. This way, it ensures that the mechanical hygienists and workers are well set to predict, observe, evaluate, and recommend controls for physical and natural hazards that can impact the safety and wellbeing of the workers. At least 40% of the OSHA consistence officials who evaluate the working environments in America's comprise of mechanical hygienists. These performance confinement points regularly occur at intervals of 15 minutes and referred to as Short-Term Exposure Limits. 

7 . Describe how hazard notations are used to derive OELs, including the additional hazard notations included by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). How would these notations be used in industrial hygiene practice?  Hazard notation includes various aspect. Various tests are used in evaluating physical hazards at the workplace. After the determination of the hazards, companies have to implement control strategies that effectively deal with the exposures. With elimination and substitution as the top of the hierarchy of controls, other strategies have to be used where these two controls are not feasible. Ultimately, it depends on the industrial hygienist who has to determine the best approach in eliminating or reducing exposure to hazards in line with OSHA and NIOSH standards. Firstly, documentation on skin conditions focuses on aspects of dermal exposure which can result in skin penetration and resultant increase in the overall body suffering. 

Dermal absorption can significantly affect workers’ health, to the extent of increasing body weight which characterizes a further striking hazard to employees’ wellbeing. Evaluation of hazards distinguishes and describes threat criteria, introduction points, hazard groups, and skin documentations. On the other hand, management of exposure describes control and tasks that utilizes the control structure. Presentation chance assessment collects relevant data and analyzes danger criteria against introduction risk. Through utilizing expository strategies and natural documentations, mechanical hygienists evaluate the degree of specialist introduction. In turn, these specialists apply controls on work practices, designs and suggest different strategies to control possible hazards to workers’ safety. Industrial hygienists have the capability of recognizing, dissecting, and measuring dangers in the working environment that result in health disorders by means of the hazard notations. 

References 

Fuller, T, P. (2015). Essentials of Industrial Hygiene. Itasca, IL: National Safety Council. 

Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (2013). Sampling, Measurements Methods and Instruments . Retrieved from https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://osha.oregon.gov/OSHARules/technialmanual/Section2Chapter1.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiF2MvA5NjbAhUCVRQKHX2TBGsQFjAAegQIAhAB&usg=AOvVaw0_fVc30LSrFMqiDNM_ziBX