Question 1
Janet is exhibiting signs of coughing, itchy eyes, constant sneezing, and breathing problems. It could be an indication that Janet has allergic rhinitis. It is evident that the patient is experiencing colds during the spring and fall seasons which could be a sign of perennial allergic rhinitis. The primary symptoms of allergic rhinitis include coughing, watery eyes, headaches, sneezing, fatigue, and itchy nose (Mccance & Huether, 2014). However, Janet exhibit most of the signs of allergic rhinitis. During a medical examination, the physician noted that Janet’s lungs sounded as auscultate. All the symptoms qualify for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. The causes of the diseases include swellings in the respiratory systems, edema, dilation, and excessive secretion of mucus (Mccance & Huether, 2014). The condition can involve skin sensitivity. The disease is categorized in the type one hypersensitive activity. Janet’s skin is sensitive to flexor floors which causes rashes. Therefore, other diagnoses can be contact dermatitis. Rashes are the primary features of the disease at the contact area (Lepoittevin et al., 2012). The illness is a type five hypersensitive response. The third diagnosis can be atopic dermatitis. The disease is characterized by scattered rashes in the contact area (Ring & Hannifin, 2016). The physician needs to consider the three diseases before administering treatment to Janet.
Question 2
Type 1 allergic reactions are transferred genetically. Thus, it is essential to acquire information about Janet’s family history for the development of the right diagnosis. In case a parent has an allergic reaction, there is a 40% probability that the child can develop the condition. Further, if the two parents have allergic reactions, there is an 80% possibility that the child can contract a similar condition (Mccance & Huether, 2014). Thus, I can ask Janet the following question: Has any of your parents had an allergic reaction in the past?
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Secondly, it is essential to determine the state of the patient’s rashes. Also, it is necessary to establish if the rashes are producing any fluid and the time of their appearance. The signs of contact dermatitis include inflammation and erythema in the affected area (Lepoittevin et al., 2012). Janet should answer the following question: Are the lesions diffuse? Do the rashes produce any fluid? When did the lesions appear?
Finally, it is critical to know the area of contact that caused the inflammation. The contact surfaces can be chemicals, poison, or oak. Therefore, Janet will provide an answer to the following question: Have you been exposed to any natural or artificial surface that caused the inflammation?
Question 3
A patient contracts allergic rhinitis due to exposure to allergens. Consequently, the victim sneezes and gets an ordinary cold. The patient exhibits the signs due to the secretion of histamine that affects the mast cells in the body. Antigens and chemicals of mast cells develop type one hypersensitive activities. The natural impacts of histamine cause the type 1 responses. The affected body parts consist of many mast cells that are susceptible to the secreted histamine (Mccance & Huether, 2014). The final phase in the process is the inflammation of the exposed area.
Question 4
Type 1 hypersensitive activity occurs when the histamine affects the volume of mast cells and antigens in the body (Baldo & Pham, 2013). The specific signs are drawn to the contact area where the allergen penetrates. Type two hypersensitive activities occur due to the administration of drugs including sulfa and penicillin (Baldo & Pham, 2013). The antigens of infectious illnesses including advanced encephalitis can stimulate type two reactions. Type 3 hypersensitive illnesses occur due to complexities of the immune cells developed in the circulation system and transported vessel linings (Baldo & Pham, 2013). The primary distinction between type 2 and 3 is that the antibodies combine with different antigens in the body. Type 4 reactions involve the activation of the Macrophages by the T-Cells. It is different from the other reactions because antibodies are not included in the process (Baldo & Pham, 2013). Each hypersensitive reaction is different due to the chemical process involved in the activities.
Question 5
The signs that Janet exhibits indicate that she has a type one hypersensitive illnesses. Janet has allergic rhinitis because her symptoms are similar to the disease. However, ordinary allergies are classified in the type 1 reactions.
References
Baldo, B. A., & Pham, N. H. (2013). Drug allergy: Clinical aspects, diagnosis, mechanisms, structure-activity relationships . New York, NY: Springer.
Lepoittevin, J.-P., Basketter, D. A., Goossens, A., & Karlberg, A.-T. (2012). Allergic Contact Dermatitis: The Molecular Basis . Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
McCance K., L., & Huether, S., E. (2014). Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis For Disease in Adults and Children, (7th ed.) St Louis, MO: Mosby Inc.
Ring, J., & Hanifin, J. (2016). Atopic dermatitis: Eczema . Cham: Springer.
