Anthony, K. H., & Dufresne, M. (2007). Potty parity in perspective: gender and family issues in planning and designing public restrooms. Journal of Planning Literature , 21 (3), 267-294.
The journal by Anthony & Dufresne focuses on transgender discrimination such as sexual harassment, denial of access to public restrooms and a sense of purpose by the public to the multi-gender-based people. The qualitative survey is used in this research and variables studied are recent laws on public rest rooms, common discrimination practices for transgender people and technology inventions on public restrooms.
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The purpose of the article focuses on revealing the distress faced by transgender people due to discrimination and denial from using public restroom facilities. Based on this focus, it appears that the audience targeted by the author are activist of human rights and other federal laws that focus on the safety and privacy of individual orientations. The journal has enhanced the understanding of the topic in that it has revealed the distress faced by the transgender people and as such it has revealed the need to have a standard gender-neutral restroom. The source has limited information on the recommendation of the effective measure to solve the identified distress faced by the transgender people.
Chang, T. K., & Chung, Y. B. (2015). Transgender microaggressions: Complexity of the heterogeneity of transgender identities. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling , 9 (3), 217-234.
The trans gender microaggressions journal focuses on criticizing the notion that public restroom should be built based on the identity of biological sex. The author claims that such an ideology is ancient and fails to observe the gender transition based on one’s personality. Descriptive analyses are used, and variables studied are transgender rights, social beliefs on sexuality and gender identification methods. In this case, the purpose of the article is to enlighten the federal litigation of transgender people should acknowledge gender not only by biological sex but also on the bases of personality and as such make segregated public restrooms to be multi-user facilities.
The intended audience in this source is the federal government and the transgender people. The position that multi-user public restrooms should be built has contributed to the understanding of the topic by reflecting on the transgender aspect that elicits the standardization of public restrooms. The source has limited information on the distortion made on transgender people such as harassment and privacy alteration.
Herman, J. L. (2013). Gendered restrooms and minority stress: The public regulation of gender and its impact on transgender people's lives. Journal of Public Management & Social Policy , 19 (1), 65.
The gendered restrooms and minority stress neutral to focus on the harassments faced by transgender people on segregated restrooms. It informs that there exists a condition implicated by the bathroom ban laws that people should use the restrooms based on their sexual identity marked by birth. According to the author, the legislation laws seem to disregard gender identity based on appearance or sexual orientation. It means that transgender people are discriminated in restrooms since their gender does not necessarily matter in terms of biological sex. Qualitative research is used to research harassments for transgender people.
Variables studied are physical harassments and percentage of access denial. The journal is relevant to the topic because it reveals about the bathroom laws that create gender bias and as such elicit the need for standardizing the gender-neutral bathrooms. In this case, it has helped in the understanding of the topic by revealing incidences that incite need for bathroom standardization. However, the source has a limitation in that it does not have a recommendation on what should be done to overcome transgender restroom discrimination.
Seelman, K. L. (2016). Transgender adults’ access to college bathrooms and housing and the relationship to suicidality. Journal of Homosexuality , 63 (10), 1378-1399.
The purpose of this research journal was to bring into consideration that public restrooms should be all inclusive but ensure the privacy and safety of the transgender college students who do not define gender by birth sex. The proposed explanation from this journal is that the discrimination of the transgender people in sex-segregated bathroom violates their gender rights and as such require a political stake that seeks to meet reasonable explanation for safety and personal privacy.
The variables studied are transgender college students, restrooms and sex discrimination. Descriptive research method has been used, and the conclusion is that all-inclusive restrooms should be built to enhance safety and privacy. The limitation of this source is that it does not address the specific problem faced by transgender people such as sexual harassment or criticism.
Watkins, P. J., & Moreno, E. (2017). Bathrooms without Borders: Transgender Students Argue Separate is not equal. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues, and Ideas , 90 (5-6), 166-171. https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.2017.1361285
The bathroom without borders journal focuses on addressing the rights of transgender students in school. It further extends to explain the role of state laws for individual rights. The proposed explanation of this source is that students should feel free and confident of the private rooms in school based on their gender orientation. The variables studied are gender identity, bathroom bills, and educational practice. The research method used in this journal is a policy review of the court rulings on the use of restrooms in school. The author concludes that the court rulings stand in a better position to act against the privacy of transgender students in learning institutions. The limitation of the source lies on the notion that it does not make it clear whether the restrooms should be standard, or should rule be imposed against violation of gender rights.
Wernick, L. J., Kulick, A., & Chin, M. (2017). Gender identity disparities in bathroom safety and wellbeing among high school students. Journal of youth and adolescence , 46 (5), 917-930.
The Journal of youth and adolescence narrates about transgender discrimination in high school and draws its focus on how some identities are perceived illegitimate while others are fixed right. In this case, the purpose of the article is to foster understanding of the bias that exists in high school toilets brought about by differences in sexual gender and orientation. Quantitative data analyses method is used, and variables studied are cisgender, transgender and heterosexual students. The intended audience according to this article is the transgender people specifically those who have different personalities from their biological gender.
The ideology of female students having private cubicles and male students having communal urinals fail to cover transgender rights in high school and as such attribute to the notion of standardizing the gender-neutral bathrooms. The source is limited in its expression of the heterosexual discrimination where it does not inform on what bases discrimination occur to elicit neutral standardization.
