Anemia is a condition where the body is unable to create enough healthy red blood cells to carry enough oxygen to the tissues and organs within the body. Due to lack of oxygen, the person affected with any type of anemia may feel weak and tired. After tests multiple tests, Sophia was diagnosed with chronic inflammation anemia. The pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic inflammation anemia also known as Anemia of inflammation include an iron-restricted erythropoiesis commonly known as functional ID and an imbalance between the iron production of the erythroid marrow and the supposed iron metabolism. Functional ID leads to a decrease in red cell hemoglobin, leading to hypochromic microcytic anemia. Inflammatory cytokines affect the disparity and multiplication of erythroid progenitor colony ( Huether & McCance, 2015) .
Iron deficiency anemia is described as a decrease or destruction of Red blood cells, hemolysis. It develops when the body stores of iron are too low to support normal production of red blood cells. The pathophysiological life cycle of anemia is similar to that of chronic inflammation anemia in the first stages of formation. In the beginning stages of Iron deficiency anemia involves the iron requirement usually exceeds the intake thus causing an imbalance in the erythroid precursors thus leading to a decrease in the bone marrow iron storage. In the latter stages of Iron deficiency the deficiency lead to impairment of Red blood cells synthesis leading to the cause of anemia. Hence, there is no significant difference between the two types of anemia ( Nairz et al., 2016) .
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Genetics and ethnicity of chronic inflammation anemia has been found to exist in certain families. A research involving women, led to the discovery that African-American and Hispanic women are likely to be diagnosed with chronic inflammation anemia when compared to Caucasian women. In the comparison of gender, women have been found to be affected more by anemia of chronic disease when compared to men especially for pregnant women who experience an increase in amount of blood in the body and the number of red blood cells produced is unable to cope ( Ross, 2017) . In addition, the production of hormones between women and men is different. For age difference, kids are the most affected by chronic inflammation anemia due to lack of iron in diets of their first years of life. Finally, behavior such as long-term exposure to air pollutants affects chronic inflammation anemia in the way that air pollution leads to a reduction in hemoglobin levels in the elderly population thus causing chronic inflammation anemia.
References
Huether, S. E.& McCance, K. L. (2015). Understanding Pathophysiology, Understanding Pathophysiology. 6 th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier Health Sciences.
Nairz, M., Theurl, I., Wolf, D., & Weiss, G. (2016). Iron deficiency or anemia of inflammation? : Differential diagnosis and mechanisms of anemia of inflammation. Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 166(13-14), 411–423. doi:10.1007/s10354-016-0505-7
Ross A. C. (2017). Impact of chronic and acute inflammation on extra- and intracellular iron homeostasis. The American journal of clinical nutrition , 106(Suppl 6), 1581S–1587S. doi:10.3945/ajcn.117.155838
