Objective:
The frequency and the wavelength of the atomic spectra varies within the specified spectrum thereby showing that light has a continuous spectrum color. There is a spectrum has a dark-lined pattern that also consists of bright colors. The lines are consistent with spectroscopic study since they are unique to the source.
Procedure Followed
The light wavelengths are calculated by the use of Balmer series (n = 3,4,5,6,7. It gives the wavelength’s experimental value.
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A hydrogen tube is then used in the lamp, each end at a time. the power should be turned on so that three lights can appear (blue-violet, red and blue green)
The lamp should then be placed at L distance so as to see every spectral.
The lamp should then be placed in front of the lamp and distance l measured and recorded.
The vales of x should be recorded and calculated using trigonometry for the hydrogen lines.
The value of d should be determined (grating space).
Graphs
Data Obtained
| Table 1 | |
| n | λ (nm) |
| 03 | 656.2080 |
| 04 | 486.080 |
| 05 | 4340 |
| 06 | 410.130 |
| 07 | 396.970 |
| Line color | Grating line distance (cm) from Lamp | Ruler line location (cm) on Lamp | Color Lines location (cm) on Ruler | Colored Lines location(x) |
| Red | 75 | 50 | 27 | 23 |
| Blue/Green | 17 | 33 | ||
| Blue/Violet | 29.50 | 20.50 |
Part 2
| Element | Emitted Lines |
| Helium | 4 |
| Hydrogen | 3 |
| Neon | 5 |
| Mercury | 3/2 |
Calculations
= 0.44
Therefore:
Blue/Green = 23 cm
Therefore:
Blue/Violet = 20.50 cm
Therefore:
=
Balmer Formula Calculations
n=3.0
n=4.0
n=5.0
Error (%)
Question Answers
Q1
From the calculations above, it can be observed that the lights fall within the visible light spectrum since all of the wavelengths range between 396.90 nm and 656.20 nm. On the other hand, the visible light spectrum falls between 400 nm and 700 nm (the values are close).
Q2
Yes, the experimental and theoretical values prove that my answers are quantitative. The percentage errors are critically low for purple (2.44), blue (2.44), green (0.41), and red (0.92%). Since my percent errors, all came at or under 10 %. Therefore, the data is reproducible.
Q3
Elements have different energy emission levels and therefore produce different number of lines. These qualities are based on photons o light emitted which is dictated upon by the chemical component (electrons) of the element. The higher the level of energy emitted, the more the number of line produced.
Q4
I think the incandescent bulb spectrum is similar light spectrum due to the tungsten component hereby giving a bright light.
Conclusion
The data obtained is reproducible since it has a consistency with both theoretical and experimental values.
Discussion
Through the use of the Balmer’s series, it is possible to increase the brightness of a light through the use of high energy elements. It is also possible to modify the light colors since the atomic spectrum of some elements has different frequencies and wavelengths.
