Explain Culturally Sensitive Care and its Application Within Health Care.
In healthcare settings, culturally sensitive health care can be defined as care that reflects the ability to respond to circumstances, feelings effectively, or attitudes expressed by social groups defined by a common religious, cultural, linguistic, or national heritage (Purnell, 2005). A culturally sensitive healthcare provider is one who provides patient care and services in a manner that meets the patient's needs and expectations. There is increased patient satisfaction in cases associated with healthcare providers who take time to provide patients with quality care information and engage with them in a manner that shows interests in their patients, especially in a way that shows caring and sensitivity (Abrishami, 2018). Cultural awareness in healthcare is, therefore, associated with warmth, empathy, respect, support, and genuineness. Care facilities that embrace cultural sensitivity in their practice are more likely to yield improved patient adherence to treatment regimens that ultimately affect their health outcomes. Similarly, ethnically and racially diverse patients who failed to adhere to the recommended forms of treatment were to some extent, influenced by limited culture-related experience, awareness, skills, and knowledge by healthcare providers; a factor that had been noted when treating patients from minority groups (Purnell, 2005).
Explain the Theory and Organizational Framework of the Purnell Model, and Discuss its Relevance to Transcultural Health Care.
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The Purnell Theory for Cultural Competence began as a classification system in 1991 when Purnell Larry was addressing how to design a systematic way through which they could find out more about their patients, families, and societies (Purnell, 2005). Purnell developed the model as an arranging structure that could be useful in determining culture in clinical settings based on the assumption that ethnocentric conduct and social skill was non-existent. According to Purell, culture is a process and not an endpoint. Therefore, for an organization to be considered culturally competent, the mission and philosophy of the facility must focus on diversity initiatives ((Purnell, 2005, p. 9). Also, culture should be integrated into the employee orientation program during recruitment. There should also be an array of culturally diverse artwork that signifies cultural identity (Debiasi & Selleck, 2017). In healthcare, the model focuses on the exploration of correspondence, hierarchical hypotheses, family advancements that focus on aspects such as race, nationality, age, sex, and religious networks.
Describe Purnell's 12 Domains of Culture, and Assess how each of these Domains Plays an Active Role in the Diversity of Health Care in your Specific Field.
Purnell's model can be used as an organizing framework that comprises of twelve domains that are similar in all cultures, subcultures, and ethnic groups. They are all interconnected and provide implications for health. These domains can be used as a reference when researching by setting questions that aim to improve the quality of patients. The first is heritage or overview, which in nursing helps gain more information on the patient's origin as it may be necessary for the course of the patient's care. It focuses on concepts such as topography, residency, educational status, and economics, among others. In healthcare, communication focuses on concepts like the use of languages like nonverbal communications and paralanguage variations (Purnell, 2005). These are helpful in nursing when communicating with patients who do not speak English or are deaf-mute, for example. In healthcare settings, understanding the family domain is essential in understanding concepts related to gender and family roles as well as sexual orientation and family lifestyles. The fourth domain is workforce issues, which expound on ethnic communication styles, acculturation, autonomy, and culturally sensitive healthcare practices.
Bicultural ecology focuses on differences influenced by variations in ethnic and racial origins like genetic, topographical, heredity, and endemic conditions (Debiasi & Selleck, 2017). High-risk behavior such as tobacco, alcohol, and recreational drug use is also essential to consider as they add more to the patient's history. Nutrition is also a binding domain as it informs the patient's taboos, rituals, and food choices, which could be useful while practicing health promotion and wellness (Purnell, 2005). Pregnancy and childbearing focus on concepts like pregnancy perceptions, illegal practices related to pregnancy, and fertility practices. Other domains include death rituals, spirituality, and healthcare practices, and practitioners.
Discuss how this model can be Applied When Working with Different Cultures to Become a More Culturally Competent Health Care Provider
The model is useful in understanding different cultural contexts, such as why some cultures do not believe in modern medicine and how to handle patriarchal ideologies when administering care (Abrishami, 2018). Using the model's circle can help give a health practitioner insight on the essential elements of culture that are relevant to healthcare such that they maintain a culturally sensitive approach based on the research they have gathered over their beliefs. Cultural sensitivity in healthcare assures better patient treatment and diversity at all times.
References
Abrishami, D. (2018). The need for cultural competency in health care. Radiologic Technology , 89 (5), 441-448.
Debiasi, L. B., & Selleck, C. S. (2017). Cultural competence training for primary care nurse practitioners: an intervention to increase culturally competent care. Journal of cultural diversity , 24 (2).
Purnell, L. (2005). The Purnell model for cultural competence. Journal of Multicultural Nursing & Health , 11 (2), 7.
