The condition by which the heart fails to pump blood to the body organs is called Congestive heart failure. CHF is caused by hypertension, coronary artery infections, Cardiomyopathy, heart valve disease and past myocardial infarction. In this situation Mr.P, a 76-year-old man has a past history of CHF and Cardiomypathy and has been repeatedly treated for CHF management symptoms. Below is a discussion on care approach, treatment plan, educating the family and the patient and finally, the treatment plan given to Mr. P.
In this given situation, Mr. P has a social, medical and a psychological problem. He is associated with breathing difficulties, pitting edema, hopelessness, depression, pulmonary crackles, and a problem with treatment adherence. He is also facing financial problems. Therefore, to carefully and comprehensively approach his condition, it is crucial to support him financially, socially, medicinally, and psychologically. This will include taking him to a care setting which is acute and critically analyzing his symptoms.
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The patient should be educated in details regarding his treatment plan and prognosis. This education should also involve offering emotional support and counsel him on dietary so as he can adhere to the medications and the recommended lifestyle. Additionally, a referral social worker should be appointed to help Mr. P financially and a rehabilitation center for the cardiac patient should be considered for his psychological and emotional health (Jaarsma, 2005) . A visiting nurse should be appointed to ensure that he adheres to his medication. A table can be drawn to indicate his dosage routine indicating quantity and time of the day on which to take the drugs. Both Mr.P and his wife need to be enlightened on the importance of adhering to the treatment and understanding that they should seek aid just in case the signs and symptoms worsen.
The treatment plan’s major objective is to eliminate body fluids which have accumulated excessively, hence, causing myocardial contraction. This is generally due to the intensity of the force. This can be done via proper medication administration and have enough or adequate rest (Rabelo, Aliti, Domingues, Ruschel & Brun, 2007) . Administering concentrated oxygen is the first and the most crucial action in order to relieve hypoxemia and dyspnea, 12-lead EKG, chest X-rays, intravenous medications for intravenous access, and blood tests (Jaarsma, 2005) .
CHF is treated by beta blockers for reducing the workload of the myocardial, loop diuretics for removing accumulated fluids, morphine as a pain and anxiety reliever, antidepressants for his mental health and isotropic agents to enhance the contraction of the heart muscles ( Rabelo et al., 2007) . Mr.P’s diet should contain little or no sodium and fluids and his vital and cardiac signs should be monitored regularly.
The teaching plan can involve using a printed material, pictures and video slides. The storage cabinets can also be labeled and the information of the assigned nurse or social worker attached in the medication storage area. A verbal or audio recording can also be used to assist the elderly couple in the medication routine. The list of dietary to avoid should also be provided on a printout and glued to the kitchen wall (Jerkin, Blann & Lockyer, 2009) . The patient should also be advised to join a support group as well as a cardiac rehabilitation center. The nurse in charge is responsible for making frequent calls to remind them to follow up his clinical check-ups.
In conclusion, self-care education, as well as non-pharmacological control measures, must be a daily management component of the CHF patients in ambulatory settings. Education plays a vital role in avoiding frequent hospital readmissions. Providing enough information regarding the disease and supporting the family financially and socially improves their living status in the long run. Adhering to the treatment plan and the diet can help in managing CHF.
References
Jaarsma, T. (2005). An inter-professional team approach to patients with heart failure. Heart , 91 (6), 832-838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2003.025296
Jerkin, S., Blann, D., & Lockyer, W. (2009). Teaching Plan using "METHOD" | Heart | Heart Failure . Scribd . Retrieved 1 May 2018, from https://www.scribd.com/doc/20618768/Teaching-Plan-using-METHOD
Rabelo, E., Aliti, G., Domingues, F., Ruschel, K., & Brun, A. (2007). What to teach to patients with heart failure and why: the role of nurses in heart failure clinics. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem , 15 (1), 165-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692007000100024
