Care, case and disease management are vital components in a healthcare system. To better understand these components, Case management (CM) is defined as the care coordination of healthcare providers to plan, process and monitor healthcare service administered to a patient. Care management is the set of procedures intended to improve a patient’s health while reducing the need for medical services. Teaching patients on how to manage chronic diseases, like diabetes, is referred to as disease management (DM). Both DM and CM help patients control their disease and at the same time reduce resource utilization (Dieterich, et al., 2017).
Acute care is caring where the patient receives short term treatment of a severe injury or illness whereas home care requires long term treatment of a chronic illness, disability or recovery from surgery, usually at their home (Rogers, 2008) . Take for instance diabetes, a congestive heart failure disease has challenged clinicians in transitioning patients from the hospital setting to a home environment. Home care nursing for such a disease is more sophisticated as the same nurses are the ones with full knowledge of the patient’s illness. An Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS) is used to establish the patient’s needs to refer to a home care agency. This gives information on nursing requirements and functional deficits. Factors that may interfere with outcomes are identified by completing a life system profile. In an acute care setup, diabetes management should include crucial attributes such as; staff education, on paper blood glucose monitoring procedure, the collection of data on hypoglycemia indices and a program champion team. To prevent additional mobilities hospitalization can in most cases be considered as an investment rather than a cost.
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Education on diabetes management and awareness among diabetic’s patients and family members plays an important role in treatment. In Karachi, Pakistan, a study was conducted on 27 subjects in a care hospital to identify dominant themes. Most of the participants believed diabetes was caused by stress (Rogers, 2008) . The reluctance of pharmacological adherence was reported. Generally, a great deal of variation was displayed as regards to knowledge of diabetes. Cognizance about diabetes affects home care management (Dieterich, et al., 2017).
According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), diabetes prevalence in the USA is increasing. In 2007, 23.6 million adults and children had diabetes. Patients with diabetes, not considering age, face case management, Lifestyle modification, and complication related issues. Insulin, a hormone that helps the body store and use glucose, resistance increases and glucose tolerance decreases with age. For this reason, diabetes management becomes more complex as one gets older. Cultural factors do affect health care management, especially in chronic diseases. If a community uses empty calories food, chances of obesity are high. Obesity leads to insulin resistance thus affect diabetes management.
Case management is a means of achieving wellness of a client and autonomy through advocating, communicating, education, and facilitation of service. As the process of care management grows, utilization and disease management has facilitated an integrated approach to care coordination (Dieterich, et al., 2017). Acute care to home care has seen an increase in national consideration. It was discovered that care providers, and diabetics who received direct care from a nurse were unlikely to be hospitalized again. Many barriers such as language, religion, and sex of patient are amenable to behavior change. Knowledge training is essential to bring forth significant changes.
References
Dieterich, M., Irving, C. B., Bergman, H., Khokhar, M. A., Park, B., & Marshall, M. (2017). Intensive case management for severe mental illness. Cochrane database of systematic reviews , (1). Retrieved from https://www.cochrane.org/CD007906/SCHIZ_intensive-case-management-people-severe-mental-illness
Rogers, S. (2008). Inpatient care coordination for patients with diabetes. Diabetes Spectrum, 21(4), 272-275. Retrieved from http://spectrum.diabetesjournals.org/content/21/4/272
