For over decades, Cesare Lombroso has been accredited as the “Father of the Modern Criminology” and school of positivity. In other words, he is known for the application of a positivist approach in crime and criminology studies. In his studies, Cesare researched among the criminals who have been convicted of crimes. However, the positivist approach is against the not free-will. In my view, this study seems to suggest that human behavior is influenced and determined by the biological and individual differences. Cesare believes that it due to the testosterone of masculinity that men are more prone to criminal acts compared to women. Further, he noted that most of the men who committed crimes were more muscular than average males. It is for this reasoning that he described these men as the “savages” of old. Also, he believed that criminality in these individuals is an inborn trait rather than "genetic throwbacks." The criminals are predisposed to commit crimes due to their muscular structure and features.
Based on Lombroso argument, it is my understanding that the criminality theory is one of a “reversion to strategy” or “atavism.” I tend to relate the criminal’s throwbacks to human evolution and specifically a primitive stage. Therefore, taking a close view, it is clear that Lombroso's evolutionary uses the argument of Charles Darwin's evolutionary theory. However, the slight difference is that Lombroso’s theory has anthropological biological, and scientific concepts. Furthermore, it considered the effect of persons’ upbringing environment. It is important to note that Lombroso does not oppose all other causes of crime as he reformulates his theories latter studies. Essentially, sciences and researches in social behaviors are continuous disciplines and depth knowledge keep emerging. This means that in Lombroso’s theories much is yet to be learned and made an ultimate contribution in the criminology field by making it a science.
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