Introduction.
One of the greatest periods in history is the colonial era. Colonial powers took control over the other countries; they exploited their mineral resources. The colonial masters applied systems to control their colonies, some directly applied rule, assimilation among others. The colonial masters took control of everything, and the colonized nations had to submit. Europe colonized most countries in Australia, America, Asia, and Africa 1 . Some countries colonized by Europe where Japan, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Thailand, Korea, Afghanistan, China, Nepal among others. Whereas Europe was colonial master, they faced several challenges in ruling the colonies. The challenges faced included competition for resources, clashes
Competition for resources.
There were other colonial masters like Spain, British, and French among others. These colonial masters had same interests with Europe. One of the major reasons for colonialization was sourcing for resources. There was intense competition for this resources leading to conflicts within North American and American Indians. The colonies allied, traded, they were armed, and this resulted in political instability in the region. A good example was chick saw and beaver wars 2 . The colonies aimed at acquiring new sources of labor as the European nations competed. Another challenge was divergent ideas; European leaders at times disagreed with leaders from colonial countries. This disagreement resulted in mistrust; settlers expressed their dissatisfaction over the frontier defense, territorial settlements. These conflicts led to struggle for independence, the colonies fought the European powers, as they wanted to gain back their independence. The 3 struggle for independence was a long process characterized by massive death, destruction of property, human torture, and brutal attacks among others.
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Clashes, language barrier.
The clashes between American-Indian social and economic values and Europe brought changes to their culture. Interaction with Europeans increased the flow of goods and diseases in and out of the communities, this favored demographic and cultural changes. There were massive religious conversions; one of the ways to define a community is culture. When a culture changes, the community can lose its meaning. Different colonial masters had different cultures, and they attempted to influence their colonial powers 4 . This confused because some colonies reinforced Europe worldviews while others reinforced Spanish opinions. European powers supplied alcohol and weapons to American Indian allies; this triggered massive warfare. Another challenge was the language barrier, the colonies used different languages, and this staged challenges for European powers. They had to find ways to communicate with the colonies effectively.
Resistance.
The attempt to colonize nations was perceived differently in these colonial countries. The colonial countries had established systems like kingdoms, ruling systems. Europe decision to control these nations meant the destruction of this ruling systems and adopting the European ruling systems. Most countries were angered by colonialization, and they resisted. They had inferior weapons compared to the European colonial masters. Despite the inferior systems, the colonies had adverse knowledge of their terrain. They staged the deadliest attack to European and killed many soldiers. They were immune to the climate while Europeans were affected by climate variations. Some resistance groups were brutal, and they butchered the soldiers of European nations. This staged challenge because European powers had to fight them and this created conflicts 5 . The European powers used resources to contain the resistance, and this affected their economy. However, they benefited from the acquisition of mineral resources. There were other forms of resistance like religious and cultural resistance. The colonies failed to adopt the European culture; it was hard to colonize them because they believed in their culture. Culture is important as far as colonization is concerned. It was hard for European powers to colonize Africans without changing their culture. The rationale behind this was that the colonies would not be submissive to their colonial masters. Political resistance was another challenge as the African leaders were against European leaders. They formed groups and alliances, and they were controversial to European powers. This challenged European colonial masters because it slowed their colonization process.
Conclusion.
The paper examines the challenges faced by European powers in their efforts to colonize other countries. They faced resistance, clashes and language barrier and competition for resources. It is interesting to note that several colonial powers were interested in colonizing other countries. This resulted in competition for colonies; there was major division as every country had their self-interest in these colonies. Despite the challenges, European powers succeeded in colonizing several regions. They benefited from the resources, spread their culture. Africans suffered due to colonialization, but they benefited from education, civilization, new products and services, development among others.
Bibliography.
McFarlane, Anthony. British in the Americas 1480-1815, The . Routledge, 2014.
Strong, Pauline Turner. Captive selves, captivating others: The politics and poetics of colonial American captivity narratives . Routledge, 2018.
Parry, J. H., G. V. Scammell, D. A. Brading, M. A. Burkholder, D. S. Chandler, and N. M. Farriss. "Gongora, M., Studies in the Colonial History of Spanish America." The Colonial Empires: A Comparative Survey from the Eighteenth Century (2015): 435.
Marzagalli, S., 2016. Was Warfare Necessary for the Functioning of Eighteenth-Century Colonial Systems? Some Reflections on the Necessity of Cross-Imperial and Foreign Trade in the French Case. Beyond Empires: Global, Self-Organizing, Cross-Imperial Networks, 1500-1800 , p.253.
1 Parry, J. H., G. V. Scammell, D. A. Brading, M. A. Burkholder, D. S. Chandler, and N. M. Farriss. "Gongora, M., Studies in the Colonial History of Spanish America." The Colonial Empires: A Comparative Survey from the Eighteenth Century (2015): 435.
2 Marzagalli, S., 2016. Was Warfare Necessary for the Functioning of Eighteenth-Century Colonial Systems? Some Reflections on the Necessity of Cross-Imperial and Foreign Trade in the French Case. Beyond Empires: Global, Self-Organizing, Cross-Imperial Networks, 1500-1800, p.253.
3 Strong, Pauline Turner. Captive selves, captivating others: The politics and poetics of colonial American captivity narratives . Routledge, 2018.
McFarlane, Anthony. British in the Americas 1480-1815, The . Routledge, 2014.
4 Strong, Pauline Turner. Captive selves, captivating others: The politics and poetics of colonial American captivity narratives . Routledge, 2018.
5 Marzagalli, S., 2016. Was Warfare Necessary for the Functioning of Eighteenth-Century Colonial Systems? Some Reflections on the Necessity of Cross-Imperial and Foreign Trade in the French Case. Beyond Empires: Global, Self-Organizing, Cross-Imperial Networks, 1500-1800 , p.253.
