Throughout the 20th century, organizations have faced numerous challenges in finding a balance between women's participation in home and the workplace. As the nature of family and work shifted at the end of the 20th century, women started to enter the workforce. As they entered the workforce, they encountered numerous challenges that are unique to them, such as family conflict, the gendered nature of work, glass ceiling barriers ( Burton & Leberman, 2017 ). All these barriers resulted in a lack of confidence, insecurity, and social isolation.
Women challenges are seen in different workforce areas, including military, academia, business management, and most common in sport management. In the sport management field, women report stereotyping and isolation frequently. Women always struggle with people’s perceptions that they are less objective and qualified as compared to their male counterparts. More so, since women are placed at lower faculty ranks, they find it difficult to facilitate change and tenure ( Singh & Naidoo, 2017 ). In addition to the daily issues, women that are hired in the faculty positions negotiate in an academic political climate that is different from their male colleagues. In line with the political navigation is the promotion and tenure idea. Academia uses an up or out tenure system and promotion. Women who successfully navigate the process requirement are rewarded with tenure, whereas those who do not navigate the process requirement are forced out of academia.
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Apart from personal issues, women encounter unique pressure in the tenure process if they opt to have children. As much as numerous schools currently permit the tenure clock to be filled with women with children, many women do not utilize it in fear of experiencing negative attitudes from their colleagues. Likewise, female faculty members feel tokenism pressures. When women think they are token hired, they may experience hostility from coworkers, and their self-confidence is lowered.
As much as current studies on women's academics have provided a snapshot on women's higher education experiences, they have not presented a distinct picture of how women academics in sport management positions negotiate their jobs and develop satisfaction in the sports management field. Therefore, this study investigates challenges women face and experience in sport management when negotiating their personality in the male-dominated field. To examine the challenges women face in sports management, the paper will first examine the definition and significance of gender. Apart from defining and determining the importance of gender, the study will elaborate on women's history in the workforce to comprehend the paths numerous women have taken from the conventional housewife role to the current women. Additionally, a comprehensive examination of women's sports management experiences and women's history in sports will follow.
Research questions are questions that revolve around the study. They provide sufficient specifics to make the audience understand the purpose of the study without needing additional explanation. Based on the literature review, theoretical framework, and the purpose of the study, the following research question was developed:
How do women in sports management describe their experiences throughout their professional lives?
What challenges do women in sport management face in negotiating their jobs in male-dominated fields?
What strategies should be used to minimize the challenges women face in the sports management field?
This study is critical because it makes people aware of the role of women in sports management. Even though there have been efforts to enhance women's experiences in sports and the workforce, there is a struggle in finding a balance between women's participation in their homes and workplace. It is important for organizations, especially those in the sports industry to hire and retain more women to bring gender diversity in the workforce.
References
Burton, L. J., & Leberman, S. (Eds.). (2017). Women in Sport Leadership: Research and practice for change. Taylor & Francis.
Singh, T. L., & Naidoo, L. D. (2017). Assessing gender inequality in South Africa: A case study of women in sports management. Journal of Research in Business, Economics and Management (JRBEM) , 8 (2), 1407-1428.
