What is the meaning of the name of the disease? What is the history of the disease?
Lung diseases are any problem that is associated with the lungs and severely affects their normal functioning. It is important to note that there are three major forms of lung diseases, which include airway, lung tissue, as well as lung circulation diseases (Barnes, 2016). Historically, they are the most common type of conditions in the world today where breathing becomes painful and sometimes fatal.
Etiology:
Description of the cause of the disease, what organs or tissues are affected, what happens to the normal physiology (pathophysiology)?
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Lung diseases are caused by various factors such as smoking, infections, as well as genetics, which tend to serve as the leading causes of the diseases. The organs or tissues that are affected include the lung airways, which are blocked and narrowed. The lung tissues are also made to inflame, causing difficulties for lungs to deflate and inflate during the breathing process. The last part affected is the blood vessels in the lungs. Once blood vessels have been affected, it becomes difficult for the lungs to release carbon dioxide and take up oxygen due to the occurrences of blood clotting or scarring (Moorman et al., 2012).
Risk factors:
Who is more at risk? Why? What happens?
Statistics show that women and smokers are the most affected by lung diseases. Studies indicate that women are increasingly dying from lung disease from year to year (Barnes, 2016). The most common types of lung diseases affecting women include asthma, Chronic Obstructive, Lung cancer and Pulmonary Disease (COPD). This trend is attributed to the increased air pollution, allergens, as well as increased tobacco smoke that tends to affect the women more than men. However, scientist are yet to establish the reason for this phenomenon (Barnes, 2016).
Clinical signs and symptoms (at least 5):
(A sign is objective and measurable; symptoms are subjective evidence of the disease.)
Difficulties in breathing
Shortness of breath
Lack of the need to exercise and fatigue
Tough coughs that won't go away
Bloody coughs
Pain in the chest
Tests or methods of diagnosis:
(Brief description of each test or method)
Chest MRI- it is a painless imaging test that specifically uses radio waves together with magnets and computer systems to bring out detailed pictures of the chest and other organs. This kind of test provides the doctor with detailed information in regards to the diagnosis of various lung problems such as blood vessel disorders, tumors and many more.
Chest X-Ray- this kind of test usually happens fast and it is also painless that usually uses electromagnetic waves in order to create pictures of the inside of the chest.
Needle Biopsy of the lung- this test usually uses imaging guidance in the aim of helping the doctors to locate a nodule or abnormality and hence once located a sample is removed for further examination using a microscope (MedlinePlus, n.d).
Treatments:
("Mechanism of action" of medications, side effects? Success rates?)
Quick-Relief Medications- they are mostly used in the treatment of asthma. They are mostly used in the form of inhalation where they are quick and take effect right away. There are no side effects in regards to this kind of treatment and the success rate is also high.
Chest tube insertion- these tubes are used in the treatment of various conditions that tends to make the lung to collapse. This condition takes place when fluid or air gets into the pleural space. Therefore, they are inserted in order to drain the fluid or air from the lungs.
Pulmonary lobectomy- the lungs are mostly comprised of lobes therefore if cancer or any other complication is spotted on the lobe, the lobe is therefore removed. This process is known as lobectomy. There is a lot of pain but it is managed with the use of painkillers and other medications. The recovery period is between one to three months.
Long-term control medications for lung disorders- they are taken on a daily basis in order to control as well as prevent lung disease symptoms such as asthma even when the situation looks better. They are mostly used by those with persistent asthma (MedlinePlus, n.d).
Other information:
Incidence (cases each year?), prognosis/outcome (fetal? Reversible?), ethical dilemmas.
Over the years, in the US alone, the number of patients who are being diagnosed with lung cancer continue to increase. Some instances are sometimes resulting in fatal cases. It has been reported that more than 25 million people in the US alone are known to have and live with asthmatic conditions. This is something that needs to be taken into considerations, and the doctors should be ready to address the situation (Moorman et al., 2012).
References
Barnes, P. J. (2016). Sex Differences in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Mechanisms. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 193 (8), 813-814.
MedlinePlus. (n.d). Lung Diseases. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved on 15 July 2019, from https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html
Moorman, J. E., Akinbami, L. J., Bailey, C. M., Zahran, H. S., King, M. E., Johnson, C. A., & Liu, X. (2012). National surveillance of asthma: United States, 2001-2010. Vital and Health Statistics Series (35), 1-58.
