The team manager discussing with directors whether to buy a new striker
This is an internal method of communication. It is vertical too because these are two people of different hierarchical levels. It is formal since they are following procedures in handling official matters. Additionally, it is a two-way communication since they have to consult on the matter.
Ticket office letting fans know that there will be tickets on sale from Sunday
This is an external communication since it involves fans, who are outsiders. It is a formal communication because there need to be sales of the tickets and is a one-way method; the fans do not have to respond to the information.
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Club officials discuss with the police about safety issues
The communication is external since it involves an external entity, the police. Additionally, it is a formal way of communication since right procedures and protocols are taken to ensure security is at its best. It is also a two-way communication since both parties engage in the discussion.
Coaching staff discuss tactics
It is internal that involves the club’s officials only. Information is moved vertically because they are of the same level and it is a formal method of communication. The communication is also two way.
Players complain about the manager's tactics after the game
It is an informal method of communication since they air their complaints just to themselves as players. Additionally, it is internal and takes the vertical path. It is two way since they all discuss amongst themselves what the problem is.
The PR manager issues a statement to explain that their star winger is not for sale .
This is a horizontal, formal and internal method of communication. The information is aimed at people of different levels outside the club.
The stadium announcer tells away supporters that they must leave via exit C
This is an external communication between the club and outsiders, the supporters. It is a one-way communication process as he expects no response from the supporters. It is also informal as there is no specific channel to use.
The chief groundsman must tell the linesman to mark the lines on the pitch more clearly
This communication is formal because there needs to be a specific channel to be followed. It is also internal since both parties are employees of the club. Additionally, it is horizontal and two ways. The groundsman is in a higher rank than the linesman.
The marketing manager discusses new ideas to sell more season tickets with the director
This communication is formal since a distinguished channel must be followed. It is also internal and a horizontal because the director is above the manager. It is a two-way communication.
The marketing department negotiates the price of replica shirts with suppliers
Suppliers are not within the club, this is therefore external and formal since the prices must be in line with the club’s budget. It is also vertical and two way since they are negotiating.
Ticket office manager explains a new procedure to staff
It is internal for it involves the staff of the club only. It is also formal; these are new procedures being communicated. The manager and the staff are in different ranks; therefore, this is horizontal communication. It can be two way since they can ask questions.
Department managers discuss next year’s budget
This is a formal communication and internal since it involves club managers only. The communication is vertical because they are all departmental managers and is also a two-way communication due to discussion process.
