One of the nursing theories discussed in class is the Calgary family health model. An approach that was not previously discussed is the chronic illness model. The Calgary family assessment model is an integrated and multidimensional framework used in nursing to help family members cope with an illness. There are three major categories in theory. The types include structural assessment, developmental assessment, and functional assessment. The frame can be internal or external. The internal structure consists of the nuclear family, while the external family consists of the extended family (Leahey and Wright, 2016). The developmental component describes the developmental life cycle of the family. Some tasks and attachments are a part of the developmental features. The last details are functional assessment. The component assesses how family members interact with each other. The reason for selecting the theory is to have a better understanding of the family's contribution to the patient's well-being. Form the approach, and it is possible to improve the patient outcome through the support of the family members by understanding how it functions. The prominent role of the model will be to provide interventions based on the needs of the family. The cognitive element will focus on the thinking while the affective domain will focus on the feelings.
On the other hand, the chronic care model is an organizational strategy designed to care for patients with chronic diseases in the primary care environment. Some of the characteristics of the model are that it is population-based and creates practical tasks. The model is critical in the identification of specific elements of the health care system. The systems are vital in enhancing and providing high-quality chronic disease care. Some of the model aspects include the health care system, the support management, the delivery system, decision support system, and the clinical information system (Grover and Joshi, 2015). Each of the components has deliverables that need to be correct to ensure improved care for chronic diseases. For instance, there is the deliverable of providing incentives that are towards quality care in the health care system component. There is a need to encourage the patient to participate in community development projects (Davy et al., 2015). The reason for selecting the model is the ability to improve care for chronic diseases in the entire population. The model does not focus on a single individual by the community's health outcomes as a whole, making it suitable to use in the implementation of nursing programs.
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The Calgary family model is different from the chronic illness model. In the Calgary family model, there is the incorporation of external support, which is likely to fasten the patient's healing process. The situation is different in the chronic illness model, and there is no external support. Instead, there is the creation of a system that will monitor the recovery process of the patient. The Calgary family model's main strength is the ability to view the family history of the patient. Taking a look at the family history provides a basis for treatment as to whether the condition is genetic or not. One of the weaknesses of the Calgary family model is the inability to focus on a particular domain. The theory is an intersection between the cognitive, affective, and behavioral domains (Leahey and Wright, 2016). That is different from the chronic illness model as it can focus on a specific part as one of its strengths. In the model, it is possible to focus on either the cognitive or behavioral domain and monitor the changes that take place in the patient. However, the chronic illness model has the weakness of neglecting the family history as it makes it challenging to lay down a foundation for treatment.
Mrs, Fredrick has a chronic illness of multiple sclerosis. Mrs. Fredrick was asked about her family composition. She stipulated that her family consists of her husband and children, all adults and live independently. When asked who would be considered family but not biologically related, Mrs. Fredrick said her neighbor whom the associate with entirely. She believes that family is love and has people that they can understand each other. Calgary Family model will be very crucial is the assessment of Mrs. Fredrick. In theory, there is an external structure that consists of the family and a more extensive system. From the fictional case study, Mrs. Fredric's family includes the husband and the children, and the more comprehensive system consists of the neighbor. Thus, while providing care for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, the two will be very important in enhancing care outcomes. The central concept applicable to the fictional case study is the development assessment. Mrs, Fredrick is in the sixth stage of the life development life cycle, where family matters the most. The concept that does not fit the case is functional assessment. The idea is not applicable because Mrs. Fredrick does not provide information on how they relate and connect.
One of the challenges of integrating theory in APN clinical practice is implementation. The implementation of the model may not be effective and may not yield the appropriate outcomes. Another challenge is the adoption of the theory among clinical professionals. Culture is the main challenge in clinical practice, and that makes the adoption of an approach to be challenging as well. Culture entails the beliefs that individual people have concerning a specific matter. There is always a distinction in culture from one individual to another. The variation in culture makes implementation and adoption of the theory challenging to the APN clinical practice. One strategy of integrating an approach into the APN clinical practice includes developing positive attitudes and holding discussions such as workshops (Shoghi et al., 2019). Positive attitudes will improve the theory's adoption level while having workshop discussions will ensure each of the APN nurses' opinions is a part of the decision-making process. Having a unanimous decision means implementing the approach will be smooth as all the APN nurses will accept it.
The likelihood of adaptation of the favorite family theory in the daily APN clinical practice is very high. The high probability of transformation is because of a unique organizational culture. The health facility has a common nursing culture, which will not hinder the implementation process of the theory. Equally, the view is multifaceted, which means it will cater to each individual's needs. The adaptation is high, and each person will see that their needs have been taken care of by the theory. Lastly, in the APN clinical practice, there is the aspect of monitoring performance over time. The approach will guide how to monitor the patient's progress and condition over time and thus solve the issue of the patient's health decline. Therefore, the adoption of the theory is high, and the APN nurses will have a simple way of monitoring their patients' outcomes and making the necessary adjustment to improve on the result.
References
Davy, C., Bleasel, J., Liu, H., Tchan, M., Ponniah, S., & Brown, A. (2015). Effectiveness of Chronic Care Models: Opportunities for Improving Healthcare Practice and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review. BMC Health Services Research, 15 (194), 1-11.
Grover, A., & Joshi, A. (2015). An Overview of Chronic Illness Disease Models: A Systematic Literature Review. Global Journal of Health Science, 7 (2), 210-227.
Leahey, M., & Wright, L. (2016). Application of the Calgary Family Assessment and Intervention Models: Reflection on the Reciprocity Between the Personal and the Professional. Journal of Family Nursing, 22 (4), 450-459.
Shoghi, M., Sajadi, M., Oskuie, F., Dehnad, A., & Borimnejad, L. (2019). Strategies for Bridging the Theory Gap from the Perspective of Nursing Experts. Heliyon, 5 (9), 1-5.
