Biological cells are grouped into three major categories namely animal cells, plant cells, and prokaryotic (bacterial) cells. Each of the cells has distinct features that define the functioning of an organism. This discussion aims at comparing the characteristics of all three types of cells to each other and list the structural components that are common to all three types of cells.
The plant cells have walls that are composed of cellulose. The cell nucleus plays a significant role in the control of activities within the cell in addition to containing genetic materials. Every cell nucleus in a plant organism has a double nuclear membrane that has nuclear pores. Plant cells have mitochondria that offer the energy required for appropriate functioning. The cell nuclei within the mitochondria has double membrane with the inner one creating folds known as cristae ( Fowler et al., 2013 ). The inner membrane creates a surface that is used in the combination of sugar and oxygen to generate energy. The plant cells also contain ribosomes.
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Similarly, animal cells contain cell nucleus that control cell activity with a significant majority have one cell nucleus. The cell nucleus also contains genetic material. Another important feature is the presence of mitochondria that controls the energy requirements ( Fowler et al., 2013 ). The ribosomes in animal cells contain protein and RNA – important sites for protein synthesis. This is different in animal cells as they are attached to the surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum. Nonetheless, the cells lack cell wall, plasmids, and chloroplasts.
On their part, bacteria cells have walls that are created of murein. The presence of a plasmid distinguishes the cell from the animal and plant cells. This molecule has the capacity to replicate to create other molecules. Prokaryotic cells have ribosomes although they exist in small sizes (Fowler et al, 2013). The major difference is that bacteria cells lack a cell nucleus and membrane organelles such as mitochondria. The contents of the bacteria cell are accessible in a similar volume where the ribosomes are distributed within the cytoplasm.
Inconclusion, all the cell from animals, plants and bacterial have common features such as the presence of nucleus which are surrounded by nuclear membrane, and also the mitochondria which are the source of energy for the functions of the cell.
Work Cited
Fowler, S., Roush, R., Wise, J., & Stronck, D. (2013). Concepts of Biology . Openstax College, Rice University.
