Introduction
Over the past year, the world has been fighting one of the deadliest epidemics in human history, the Corona Virus (COVID 2019). It has affected every nation globally, from most developed countries to third-world nations, making it very hard to control it. The first case of the disease was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 where it then gradually spread to other parts of China, other neighbouring countries, and the rest of the world. COVID 19 is an infectious virus spread from one individual to another through respiratory fluid exchange. When individuals contact the virus, it's very easy to spread it since we interact with many people in our daily operations. Within a radius of less than six meters, saliva from an infected person when speaking can skip to the other with the sequence repeating itself, especially in highly populated areas. Additionally, touching an infected person example, through greeting or touching surfaces such infected individuals have come into contact with, is one of the most prominent spread mediums that has led to adverse effects of COVID19 globally.
Signs and Symptoms of COVID-2019
COVID19 has numerous symptoms similar to those of individuals suffering from fever; thus, within the first stages, it's hard to know whether it's COVID19. According to the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (2021), individuals affected with the virus experience symptoms that are widely ranged from severe illnesses to mild symptoms. The symptoms start to show within a range of 2-14 days after infection, depending on an individual’s immune system. In the early stages of the virus, infected individuals experience dry cough and fever while others get fatigued, diarrhoea and severe headaches. At times, breath shortness starts to be experienced within the first five days. The patient then experiences sour throat, runny nose, body and muscle aches. At this stage, most of the symptoms are mild, where infected individuals experience difficulties in their normal body functioning. Finally, individuals experience difficulty in breathing and even are unable to breathe completely, thus need the support of ventilators to facilitate normal breathing. Symptom’s mildness is dependent on two major factors, including an individual’s immunity or age. Aged individuals are at high risk of experiencing mild symptoms and succumbing to the virus. Individuals with other chronic diseases such as diabetes are at increased risks of succumbing to COVID19 if not treated within the early stages.
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Pathogenesis of COVID-19
Coronaviruses originated from animals such as bats, civets and camels, which aren't normally transmitted to human beings. However, it occasionally mutates, and it's then possible for it to pass from an animal to a human then from an individual to the other, as evident during the early 2000s when SARS outbroke. A coronavirus can be looked at as a common virus causing an infection in an individual’s upper throat, sinuses and nose. Many coronaviruses do not have adverse effects thus less dangerous. World Health Organization identified SARS-CoV-2 in early 2020 after its outbreak in Wuhan in 2019 as coronavirus new type ( Vaugh, 2020) . SARS-CoV-2, which is the causative agent for COVID-19 disease, leads to the respiratory tract, as indicated by doctors worldwide. There are seven types of such viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Other viruses include sudden respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory disease (MERS). Once the virus gets to them and into contact with a human's nose, eye or mouth, it travels through the respiratory trucks to the lungs, where it develops and prevents one from breathing. Several health conditions amplify COVID-19 illness, such as obesity, sickle cell disease, chronic kidney disease, among others.
Treatment of COVID-19 in Developed and Third world Countries
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the biggest challenge has been controlling its spread and finding its cure. Developed nations have funded numerous efforts for treatment finding around the world. It has also become challenging to contain the virus in many countries as it is not possible to control the populations. Governments in both developed and third world nations have input measures to stop its spread. Personal safety is one of the significant measures is self-care. Upon outbreak in developed countries, governments put up the measure for cessation of movement where no individual was allowed to leave their houses ( Pathak, 2021) . The governments also put-up restrictions for entry and exit of their nations while financing their citizens' return from other nations. Comparatively, third world nations faced challenges in putting cessation of movement as they could not feed their citizens as they need to work to get food. Lack of funds additionally led to the nations not going for their citizens in foreign countries. As there is no cure for the virus, various clinical and drug establishments have come up with vaccines overtime under trial. Such vaccines include COVAX, AstraZeneca and Novavax vaccines, among others aimed at preventing vaccinated individuals from contracting the virus. The underdeveloped nations have not been able to develop such vaccines because of financial constraints, thus depending on purchasing them from other countries using funds lent to them by international organizations such as WHO.
COVID-19 Prevalence and Vaccine Availability
Most developed nations such as the US and China have big populations. Due to this reason, they were the most affected where big numbers were succumbing to the virus at its peak through mid-2020. To date, over 500,000 individuals have died in the US, indicating that high populations and the number of old citizens have led to spread and high fatalities (Pathak, 2021). In third-world countries, especially in Africa, where the entire continent has 100,000 death cases, it has felt a lesser impact on losses. In underdeveloped nations, the spread of COVID 19 went high due to the government’s failure to control their population's movement ( Bruckner, 2020) . They were not able to because most people in such nations live a hand to mouth life, meaning they have to work every day to sustain their lives. The governments are also not capable of maintaining their citizen's daily livelihoods. Comparatively, developed nations were able to control their citizen's movement leading to a reduced rate of spread. Countries such as Italy imposed complete lockdown and provided food for their citizens. In the same manner, most developed nations can buy vaccines for all of their citizens while third world nations only are buying for priority members of the country such as health care practitioners, the old and teachers.
Power Differential Between Nations Amid COVID-19
Power comes with financial muscle in most nations of the world. It means powerful nations can better deal with the virus than less powerful countries. Developed nations have good healthcare frameworks that campus pandemic control measures ( Bruckner, 2020) . The health infrastructure such as hospitals, beds capacity, ventilators, and intensive care unit facilities enable powerfully differentiated nations from less powerful. Availability of enough medical care workers and recruitment of more amid COVID-19 has helped more advanced nations handle many patients and save more lives. In third world countries, health facilities are as well underdeveloped. The health facilities and technology-enabled such powerful nations to handle many COVID-19 patients. Governments from less powerful nations lack funds to facilitate enough medical practitioners' employment or recruit more when needed. Health care general services from infrastructure to healthcare practitioners are among the most prominent differential aspects of power amid COVID-19.
Conclusion
COVID-19 being one of the biggest pandemics has left many families mourning their loved ones, many jobless people and financial difficulties, especially in third world counties. COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2, which leads to respiratory problems. It has many symptoms, the major ones being severe headaches, sore throat, diarrhoea, muscle aches, dry coughs and difficulty in breathing. When a patient gets to the stage where they have breathing problems, they need to get treatment as it's perilous. Developed nations have been able to control the virus compared to third world nations. Power comes with financial muscle as you cannot be powerful and not have money simultaneously. The major power differential factor amid COVID-19 is the healthcare services available in developed nations versus third world counties. Powerful nations have better health care services, including practitioners, giving them an advantage when dealing with COVID-19.
References
Bruckner, M., & Mollerus, R. (2020). COVID-19 and the least developed countries.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention, .. (2021). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) – Symptoms. Retrieved 29 March 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html
Pathak, N. (2021). Coronavirus (COVID-19) Overview. Retrieved 29 March 2021, from https://www.webmd.com/lung/coronavirus#1-2
Vaugh, E. (2020). NPR Cookie Consent and Choices. Retrieved 29 March 2021, from https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/01/24/798661901/wuhan-coronavirus-101-what-we-do-and-dont-know-about-a-newly-identified-disease
