Many studies have established immediate correlations between improper foot self-care and the likelihood of diabetic foot ulcers. However, most studies remain unclear with scanty data on foot self-care behavior as well as predictors of foot care behavior. A descriptive cross-sectional study found that among diabetic patients in Indonesia, predictors such as the educational level, age, and knowledge had implications on the incidences of diabetic foot ulcers ( Sari et al., 2020) . Additionally, families were found instrumental in the success of any programs providing educational support for better foot self-care knowledge for patients suffering from Diabetes Mellitus type 2. According to Sari et al. (2020) , patients with a higher educational level beyond high school graduates achieved greater foot care behavior tallies than peers with lower educational levels. Individuals with lower educational levels possess less health knowledge with accounts for their unhealthy behaviors. Similarly, older patients also posted low scores that are justified with inadequate knowledge that is justified with physical difficulties. Foot care management information gives patients a better attitude that facilitates behavior change, reducing the burden for hospitalization and amputations up to 50 percent ( Sari et al., 2020) . Another study aimed at determining the effect of an educational program on self-care behaviors among older patients aged 60 years and above suffering from DM2 in Malaysia also established sufficient correlations. The results indicated that with an educational intervention, all the constructs of the extended theory of reasoned action were increased for the group. The correspondents reported that the educational program was beneficial and effective as it provided methods to avert diabetic foot complications. The study results showed improved foot self-care efficacy expectations, foot self-care manners, and foot care understanding. Throughout the 12 weeks of the study, the foot care outcome expectation scores improved as patients implemented the self-efficacy interventions. The participants could do self-revision from the educational pamphlets, and the foot care package enhanced compliance of personal practice ( Sharoni et al., 2017) . Older participants appreciated support from the nurse and were able to perform daily hygienic maintenance
References
Sari, Y., Upoyo, A. S., Isworo, A., Taufik, A., Sumeru, A., Anandari, D., & Sutrisna, E. (2020). Foot self-care behavior and its predictors in diabetic patients in Indonesia. BMC Research Notes , 13 (1), 1-6.
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Sharoni, S. K. A., Rahman, H. A., Minhat, H. S., Ghazali, S. S., & Ong, M. H. A. (2017). A self-efficacy education programme on foot self-care behaviour among older patients with diabetes in a public long-term care institution, Malaysia: a Quasi-experimental Pilot Study. BMJ open , 7 (6).
