Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Bacterial Sinusitis

Q1 

The subjective information would encompass comprehensive assessment of the patient's family history, past medical records such as asthmatic history, chronic or acute bronchitis, emphysema, cardiac problems, traumatic injuries, and nose bleeds to establish the actual cause of the problem. The information would entail JD's present medication, skin assessment, and inquiry of allergy instances or possible exposure to irritants. 

Q2 

I would treat JD because the symptoms may worsen his health condition if not effectively addressed. A temperature rise of the patient's body, postnasal discharge or drip, mucous membrane, and erythema indicates a bacterial infection that requires treatment to prevent transmission to other individuals. Green mucus represents a sinus infection in a patient (Resnik, 2020). As a clinician, I would diagnose JD for the acute bacterial sinusitis that entails extended nonspecific respiratory signs like prolonged cough (more than ten days), rhinosinusitis, and symptoms like facial pain, facial swelling, and fever. 

Q3 

The assessment of JD indicates the presence of acute bacterial sinusitis. Oral administration of a combined β-lactamase inhibitor and semisynthetic amoxicillin treat sinusitis in adults. The patient should use 125 mg clavulanate and 875 mg amoxicillin for 5 to 7 days (Brucker & King, 2017). The medication possesses a half-life of 1 to 1.3 hours; subsequently, the liver performs metabolizes the medicine and excreted through urine. The medication requires 30 minutes for effective reaction and achieves peak reaction in one to two hours in a patient's body. The bactericidal inhibit bacterial biosynthesis causing hindrance to bacterial growth. The condition of JD requires a full metabolic panel to examine the kidney and liver function of the patient. However, the medication lacks a black box warning and may result in a possible rash. Consequently, a clinician would assess allergies and inform the patient about possible side effects such as rashes before consumption. 

Q4 

Amoxicillin acts as an effective drug for non-penicillin allergic people, including children. Dosing of children depends on body weight. 25 to 45 milligrams per kilograms of body weight daily divided and administered after 12 hours orally (Buttaro et al., 2020). Amoxicillin inhibits the cell wall mucopeptide biosynthesis of bacteria. The drug has superior stability and bioavailability to gastric acid. Comparatively, amoxicillin has a more extensive activity spectrum than penicillin. The metabolisms of the medicine occur in the liver, and the body eliminates the drug through urine. Amoxicillin has a half-life of 61.3 minutes in children. The antibiotic amoxicillin lacks a black box warning; however, the admission of the drug may result in a rash in approximately 5% to 10% of infants and children. The cytomegalovirus infections, acute lymphocytic leukemia, and infectious mononucleosis accelerate amoxicillin-induced risks such as maculopapular rash in patients. Subsequently, as a child of 10 years old with 78 Ib, JD should not receive the amoxicillin prescription to prevent the side effects associated with antibiotic consumption. 

Q5 

The improvement of nasal obstruction requires nonprescription management, such as systematic or topical decongestants. Though utilization of topical decongestants offers a systematic relief of patients over a shorter period during the antibiotic response, long-term consumption of the drugs may result in side effects (Anitescu, Benzon, & Wallace, 2018). The saline nasal wash or spray prevents secretion crust in a person's nasal cavity promoting or facilitating secretion removal. JD should increase the consumption of fluids to liquefy the secretions. Headache and facial pain associated with sinusitis are severe and require an admission of ibuprofen or acetaminophen for pain relief. JD should apply a warm pack in the maxillary and frontal sinuses for pain relief, alleviation of dry mouth, and humidification of air during night hours. Breathing in steam may clear nasal passages; however, the patient should avoid burns. 

References 

  Anitescu, M., Benzon, H. T., & Wallace, M. S. (2018).  Challenging Cases And Complication Management In Pain Medicine . Springer. 

Brucker, M. C., & King, T. L. (2017).  Pharmacology For Women's Health . Jones & Bartlett Publishers. 

Buttaro, T. M., Polgar-Bailey, P., Sandberg-Cook, J., & Trybulski, J. A. (2020).  Primary Care: Interprofessional Collaborative Practice . Elsevier. 

Resnik, R. (2020).  Misch's Contemporary Implant Dentistry E-Book . Elsevier Health Sciences.