Unlike research, evidence based practice (EBP) focusses on translation of evidence and application into clinical decision making but not developing new knowledge or validating existing one which are functions of research (Mackey & Bassendowski, 2017) . EBP purposes to apply the best available evidence to enact patient- care decisions. Evidence based practice goes beyond research since it includes patient preferences, values and clinical expertise. As explained by McKeon and McKeon (2015), whereas research focusses on developing new knowledge, evidence based practice emphasizes innovation in terms of finding the best evidence and translating it into clinical practice. In research, the undertaken literature review focuses on identifying gaps in knowledge whereas in evidence based practice, review of literature is done to find the best current evidence. Although both research and evidence base practice are systematic, both differ in terms of their purpose. Research is used to perform an investigation and generate results which are added into existing evidence. In sharp contrast, evidence based practice purposes to search and appraise best evidence some of which is provided by research.
Research is the systematic investigation or scientific inquiry and uses rigorous and disciplined methods to test hypothesis or answer specific research questions. Research uses sequential steps and scientific method to validate existing knowledge or generate new information. In research, there has to be formulation of compelling research questions related to a phenomenon. Unlike Evidence based practice (EBP), research applies either qualitative, quantitative or mixed methodology to develop new knowledge. Research involves undertaking of comprehensive review of literature to provide answers to the formulated questions.
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Importance and Application of Health Care Information, Data Mining, and Importance to Application in Patient care Outcomes
Health information refers to data that defines a patient’s medical history for example diagnoses, symptoms, procedures and outcomes. According to Ţăranu (2016), healthcare information is composed of details such as a patient’s demographic data, X-rays, lab results, notes and clinical information. Health information is important in informing clinical care decisions. Access to accurate health information by healthcare provider enables effective management of a patient’s conditions ( Ţăranu, 2016) . Up to date health information informs a patient’s treatment thereby enabling provision of effective care. Health information can be used by healthcare providers to understand more about a disease causes and its risks. In addition, health information is important in improving diagnosis, in developing new treatment and prevention of diseases. Healthcare providers use health information to plan for service provision, improve patient safety and in evaluating government and hospital policy.
Health information improves patient care outcomes through provision of individualized care. Healthcare providers are able to understand a patient’s history by relying on health information such as previous diagnosis and tests ( Jothi & Husain, 2015) . Through health information, patients receive high quality and effective care leading to improved patient care outcomes. Furthermore, when small bits of patient health information is linked up and pooled together, doctors and researchers can check for patterns in the data leading to development of new ways of diagnosing illnesses and predicting diseases leading to improved patient care outcomes.
Data mining is a process used by healthcare organizations to turn large raw data sets into valuable and useful information through use of softwares. In other words, it is the extraction of huge volumes of data with an intent of acquiring new insights from the information. Data mining enables extraction of use medical information that allows provision of unprecedented treatment and development of personalized medicines which improve patient care outcomes. Also, data mining allows creation of diagnostics and therapies which ameliorate patient outcomes. Through data mining, researchers and care givers discuss challenges, opportunities and health care solutions. Large data sets allows testing and discarding of hypothesis swiftly. Physicians can rely on data mining to compare one patient to other similar ones, learn about treatment best-practices ultimately leading to improved patient care outcomes. Through interpretation of large anonymized data sets, researchers, care givers and other physicians discover new treatment regimens. Data mining enables uncovering of patterns in drug-candidate behavior and testing of new clinical trials for improved patient care outcomes while containing costs.
How Data Mining and Interpretation Influences Case Management and Utilization
Data mining and interpretation influences case management through provision of new insights that are applied in healthcare sector when dealing with certain types of cases Also, data mining and utilization yields useful information such as patient illness pattern which assists in the process of assessment, evaluation, care coordination and advocacy to meet patient’s as well as their family’s health needs. Data mining positively influences case management through increasing efficiencies and reducing costs. Courtesy of data mining and utilization, healthcare organizations identify best practices which influence case management by obtaining optimum value for patients ( Jothi & Husain, 2015) . Data mining and utilization influences case management by optimizing outcomes for the clients, case manager and other service personnel through generation of useful data on new effective treatment regimens.
Participation in Managed Care and the Importance of Quality Care Initiatives and Performance Indicators
Participation in managed care involves taking part in activities intended to minimize the overall cost of offering for profit healthcare and providing insurance to Americans. One form of managed care participation entails acceptance of Medicaid patients by physicians or healthcare organizations ( Ehlert et al., 2019) . Organizations participate in managed care by for example taking Medicaid as an insurance plan for their clients. Providers participate in managed care by accepting to offer healthcare under various insurance plans in the United States.
Quality initiatives are important because they improve patient health and clinical outcomes. The initiatives improve both health outcomes and process outcomes leading to decreased mortality, morbidity and uptake of healthcare screening. Second, quality care initiatives enable healthcare organizations to avoid costs associated with poor outcomes, errors and process failures ( Nguyen et al., 2018 ). Third, quality initiatives, improve efficiency of clinical and managerial processes leading to reduction of waste and costs associated with redundancy and system failures.
In healthcare, performance indicators are important in monitoring, evaluating and communicating the degree to which health systems meet their key objectives. The indicators are pertinent in measuring the failures and successes of healthcare organizations. The metrics informs management about the weak areas that require improvement ( Si et al., 2017) . The performance indicators help in optimizing healthcare processes leading to increased patient satisfaction.
Reference
Ehlert, A., Oberschachtsiek, D., & Wein, T. (2019). Factors Driving Physicians’ Managed Care Participation. Economic Review , 20 (2), 171-193.
Jothi, N., & Husain, W. (2015). Data mining in healthcare–a review. Procedia computer science , 72 , 306-313.
Mackey, A., & Bassendowski, S. (2017). The history of evidence-based practice in nursing education and practice. Journal of Professional Nursing , 33 (1), 51-55.
McKeon, P. O., & McKeon, J. M. M. (2015). Evidence-based practice or practice-based evidence: what’s in a name?. International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training , 20 (4), 1-4.
Nguyen, M. C., Moffatt-Bruce, S. D., Van Buren, A., Gonsenhauser, I., & Eiferman, D. S. (2018). Daily review of AHRQ patient safety indicators has important impact on value-based purchasing, reimbursement, and performance scores. Surgery , 163 (3), 542-546.
Si, S. L., You, X. Y., Liu, H. C., & Huang, J. (2017). Identifying key performance indicators for holistic hospital management with a modified DEMATEL approach. International journal of environmental research and public health , 14 (8), 934.
Ţăranu, I. (2016). Data mining in healthcare: decision making and precision. Database Systems Journal , 6 (4), 33-40.
