Inflammatory bowel disorder is the chronic intestinal inflammatory disease mainly caused by genetic and environmental factors. The disease occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, which is central to the immune system. The immune system is balanced under homeostatic conditions. The inflammatory bowel disorder disrupts the homeostasis leading to the perpetuation of the uncontrolled inflammation ( Huether & McCance , 2017). It results in the chronic relapsing inflammation of the intestine when certain environmental factors trigger the genetically susceptible hosts. The imbalance interactions of the microbes result in the development of intestinal inflammation. This disorder comes in the form of ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease. The ulcerative colitis occurs when the inflammatory responses remain confined to the colon while Crohn disease, on the other hand, involves any part of the gastrointestinal tract.
In contrast, irritable bowel syndrome is a bowel disorder that is characterized by chronic abdominal pain and changes in bowel habit. The alteration of the central processing of afferent stimuli causes a change in bowel habit and abdominal pain. The bile acid malfunction takes place as a result of the genetically determined alteration in the functions of the apical bile acid ( Mayer Savidge & Shulman , 2014). Unlike the inflammatory bowel disorder, the irritable bowel syndrome does not cause inflammation, ulcers or any damage to the bowel.
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The treatment for inflammatory bowel disorder involves the use of anti-inflammatory drugs such as aminosalicylates and immune suppressors. Antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin can also be used to treat IBD. At some point, the patient may need to undergo surgery to remove the damaged segment. The drugs are sued to manage the pain that is caused by the inflammation of the bowel ( Lacy et al., 2016 ). In contrast, the irritable bowel syndrome is mainly donethrough diet control and change of lifestyle. A patient with IBS requires changing the lifestyle and avoiding certain foods that could increase the risks of the disease getting into advanced levels. However, certain drugs can also be used to reduce symptoms. These may include antidepressants and Tylenol. Similar drugs used to manage pain in IBD may also be used for the same purpose in IBS.
IBD is influenced by environmental and genetic factors,and thus the treatment and pathophysiology of the disorder are impacted by the race of the patients. The genetic influences differ amongst the IBD subtypes and thus affected by race. Studies have shown that Crohn disease is most prevalent amongst the African Americans while ulcerative colitis is common amongst the Mexican Americans. The difference is due to the differences in the genetic factors between the two subgroups ( Lacy et al., 2016 ). The treatment for IBD will, therefore, be impacted by the race of the patients depending on whether he/she has UC or CD. Similarly, the pathophysiology of the disease varies from one race to the other as a result of the environmental factors that initiate the alteration of the gastrointestinal.
The risk factors for IBS have been found to include age, gender, and ethnicity. The well-known factors for the IBS are psychological distress and gastroenteritis. While the environment is a known factor in the development of IBS, the genetic component of the disease can explain the difference of prevalence amongst different races. The disease is most common in developing nations and low-income families, which in the United States comprise of the minority groups ( Major & Spiller , 2014). The African Americans record the largest number of people with IBS, with both the genetic, environmental and family factors playing a role in this development. Treatment, therefore, requires the change in lifestyle and avoiding distress.
References
Huether, S. E., &McCance, K. L. (2017). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing , 13 (6), 315.
Lacy, B. E., Mearin, F., Chang, L., Chey, W. D., Lembo, A. J., Simren, M., & Spiller, R. (2016). Bowel disorders. Gastroenterology , 150 (6), 1393-1407.
Major, G., & Spiller, R. (2014). Irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease,and the microbiome. Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity , 21 (1), 15.
Mayer, E. A., Savidge, T., & Shulman, R. J. (2014). Brain-gut microbiome interactions and functional bowel disorders. Gastroenterology , 146 (6), 1500-1512.
