Common Email/ Text problems
Agreement
Agreement in grammar makes reference to words changing from relying on the other words in the sentence to which they relate. Writing in haste in many cases yields texts that have multiple agreement issues making it difficult for the reader to understand the meaning of the text without distorting the intended meaning of the writer ( Hall, 2017) . The problems such as shifting person tense or number without an apparent reason further aggravate understanding of the text.
Awkward constructions
Grammatical awkward constructions refer to unnecessary words in a sentence that brings little or no meaning at all making a sentence long and ineffective and often overuse negatives. Texts and emails were written hastily contain logical errors that are not readily understood since they are imprecise ( Hall, 2017) . Awkwardness shows that there exists a gap between the writer and the reader’s expectations.
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Punctuation
Writing that is done in a haste provides room for poor punctuation or lack of punctuation. Punctuation refers to the correct using of conventional signs, spacing, and certain typographical devices that assist in the interpretation of a sentence. When wrong punctuations are used, the meaning of the sentence is changed or becomes vague ( Hall, 2017) . Emails and texts that are written in a hurry are prone to punctuation issues that alter the meaning of the texts sending the wrong message.
Repetition
Repetition in a text often makes the reader lose interest in reading a text since the progress of the text is undercut. Repetition mainly happens when a writer does not invest time in preparing to write an email or text. Since there are limited ideas due to the hurry in writing, the writer tends to repeat the old ideas making the text not fulfill its purpose ( Hall, 2017) .
Diction
When words are not effectively selected, it becomes difficult for the recipient of the message to decode it and make meaningful conclusions. A writer needs to choose words carefully saying precisely what he or she intends.
Decision-making process
Identify the problem
Recognizing a problem and choosing to address it is usually the first step in the decision-making process. After successfully determining the problem, there is a need to understand the differences that will be made by the decision to solve a problem.
Gather information
Once a problem has been successfully identified, a decision maker needs to gather all necessary information to ensure that the decision that will be made will be based on real data and facts.
Identify alternatives
Problems usually have multiple solutions only that the effectiveness of these solutions differs. Upon gathering all relevant information, various solutions at the disposal of a decision maker are identified that requires the decision maker to choose from a possible variety of solutions at their disposal. Identifying alternatives assist a decision maker to determine the best course of action which will yield the best outcomes.
Weigh the evidence
Given all the possible alternatives at the disposal of a decision maker, there arises a need to weigh all the evidence to determine the desirability, acceptability, and feasibility of the different alternatives. The evidence weighing stage demands a decision maker to successfully identify and weigh the pros and cons of each alternative to enable selection of the best alternative guaranteeing success.
Choosing among alternatives
The crucial part of decision making is the choosing of alternatives usually requiring a decision maker to understand the risks involved in the chosen alternative. It is at the disposal of the decision maker to choose more than one alternative to ensure that all potential risks and relevant information are fully grasped.
Taking action
The core of decision making is the choice of a desired plan of action. A decision maker needs to identify the required resources to implement the desired course of action. In the action taking the stage, it requires that all stakeholders are brought on board to ensure the success of the plan being implemented.
Reviewing decision
It is important to review the decision made and evaluate its effectiveness. In this stage, a decision maker will seek to know whether the decision made is having the desired outcomes and determine how improvements can be made.
Difficult to follow instructions
Following instructions can be challenging depending on several factors that determine how easy or hard it would be to follow the instructions.
Content
Instructions may be difficult to follow if the title of the instructions differs with what the instructions deliver. When the instructions reader cannot clearly identify what is needed, it turns out to be difficult to follow the instructions. Another possible reason that would make instructions difficult to follow is the inadequacy of the background to relate to the intended audience consequently making the audience not fully understand what is required. When there are no instructions to back an audience’s understanding of the requirements, following instructions become difficult to follow thus demanding that the purposes and definitions given be accurate without omissions to enable easy instructions following. Often notes, warnings and cautions help an audience to understand instructions well depending on where they are put. The instructions given ought to be within the reader’s abilities otherwise will be difficult to follow.
Organization
The organization of procedures and instructions need to be adequate to send a clear message of what is required following a set of sequences. Where sequences are omitted, the audience may encounter difficulties implementing instructions. More difficulties following instructions will appear when the information sequence is far apart and not well layered in cases of lengthy instructions. Finally, the organization of procedures should have a conclusion since conclusions draw the line on what is expected as the final result when instructions are followed correctly.
Style
To ensure that procedures and instructions are correctly followed, their presentation should be precise in short sentences that will make it easy for the audience to understand and follow closely. An imperative mood, active voice and use of action verbs make it simpler for the audience to follow instructions without difficulties.
Page design
In delivering instructions headings should be clear enough telling the readers what to expect. The page on which instructions are in ought to be simple and accessible with a highlighting of cautions, notes and warnings clearly set off.
Lecture evaluation
Content
The speaker in the presentation has shown outstanding performance by starting the presentation through clearly stating the purpose of the presentation. Clearly stating the presentation’s purpose is a powerful opening tool since it helps prepare the audience calling them to attention ( Williams, 2018) . When the presenter called the attention of the audience, he created interest in the topic making the audience anticipate for the message that will be sent their way. Since different audience draws in information differently, the speaker appropriately used material suiting the needs of the audience taking care of visual, audio and the kinetic audiences.
Organization
A clear overview of the presentation characterized the speaker's oral presentation showing that he has a clear knowledge of the topic he was presenting ( Williams, 2018) . The fact that he moved from point to point effectively gave the audience confidence that they were at the appropriate place thus enhancing the intake of all necessary information. Closing powerfully is characteristic of a good presentation which the speaker effectively did by summarizing before concluding. Proving a presentation's summary helps the audience to remember the main important takeaway points.
Style
The speaker employed effective style in his presentation first by creating a respectable image among the audience by the appropriate dressing. The first mental picture the audience creates about a speaker determines largely how effective the presentation will be ( Williams, 2018) . In addition to a commendable dressing, the speaker seemed to control the audience given his relaxed and confident nature coupled with appropriate gestures, tonal variations, audibility, and delivery rate. The speaker maintained a good interaction with the audience by actively involving them.
References
Hall, R. (2017). Effective communication skills .
Williams, R. (2018). The nondesigner's presentation book: Principles for effective presentation design .
