Administration of criminal justice involves executing activities such as detecting criminal acts, apprehending offenders, facilitating detention, adjudication, and the rehabilitation of criminals. Effective leadership is essential in the administration of criminal justice in the United States and the world. Effective leadership encompasses the execution of the criminal justice system by defining and structuring a common culture. The process of administering criminal justice is a crucial process that helps to reduce the occurrence of criminal activities. There are various leadership styles and qualities that leaders need to possess and exhibit to achieve effectiveness in criminal justice administration. To achieve effective leadership in criminal justice administration, leaders need to possess the right character rather than being charismatic. Leaders' traditional view tends to focus on leaders with a great image, great style, and charisma (Asghar & Oino, 2017) . However, modern leaders need to exhibit appropriate character to achieve effectiveness in the administration of criminal justice. Leaders with character have specific values that they practice even when working under intense pressure. They also tend to provide leadership with a high level of compassion, courage, and empathy. Integrity is another critical attitude for a leader in the administration of the criminal justice system. Leaders need to establish the ground for sound decision-making to ensure justice is served to both victims of criminal acts and the perpetrator of criminal acts. The process of decision making should be critical and merit-based. Leaders with integrity in the criminal justice demonstrate respect for other stakeholders in the criminal justice system (Goodwin, 2019) . Leaders with integrity exhibit high levels of transparency in the administration of criminal justice. Such leaders also have well-grounded and true values, which demonstrates their authentic nature. The other critical attribute is servitude. Leaders in the criminal justice system need to be ready to serve people rather than waiting to be served. The leaders should set a good culture by serving people within the criminal justice system (Zhelanova et al., 2020) . This helps create a unique culture and ends a strong signal to all the criminal justice system members. Leaders should be willing to make interactions with other people within the criminal justice. The interaction helps to communicate on the accomplishments and detect any failure within the justice system. Leaders need to communicate vision rather than creating ambiguity. Leaders have a role to play in ensuring that the organization's vision is communicated across the criminal justice system. The people within the criminal justice system need to understand the system's vision and believe in justice in the criminal justice system.
There are various challenges in administering criminal justice, and leaders need to demonstrate and exhibit courage when executing leadership. Courage enables leaders to carry out their tasks without fear, work hard on challenging leadership appointments (Gandolfi & Stone, 2018) . The leaders need to be the source of courage for other team members in criminal justice administration. Courage helps to achieve high efficiency and effectiveness in the administration of criminal justice. Leaders within the criminal justice system need to develop new ideas. The leaders are assigned the responsibility of identification of talent within the criminal justice system.
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Alongside the above-discussed leadership qualities, leaders in the criminal justice system need to exhibit various leadership styles to suit prevailing situations and circumstances within the criminal justice system. Leaders need to exhibit situational leadership. This style of leadership is effective and varies from situation to situation. To achieve success and effectiveness, leaders need to adapt their leadership style and approach in various circumstances (Braswell et al., 2017) . Under the situational leadership style, the leader demonstrates authoritative and directive approaches by making decisions and telling the team members what they are supposed to do. Leaders also enhance the team member's participation by involving them in the decision-making process within the criminal justice system. The leaders demonstrating the situational leadership style carry out delegation by assigning the responsibility of making decisions to other team members. Leaders in the criminal justice theory also need to demonstrate transactional style of leadership. Under this style of leadership, leaders motivate the employees by appealing to their self-interests. Leaders derive transactional power through the formal authority assigned to them by the criminal justice system. Leaders set SMART goals for their team members and reward them for their performance (Pratt & Anderson, 2020) . Leaders deploying this style emphasize short term, detailed procedure, and rules. Leaders who exhibit transformational leadership style also achieve effectiveness in the administration of criminal justice. In this style of leadership, leadership is proactive. The leaders work to change the culture in the organization through the implementation of new ideas. Leaders exhibiting this leadership style motivate and empower their team members within the criminal justice system by emphasizing the need for high moral values and higher ideas. Leaders in the criminal justice system perform a wide range of complex tasks. These tasks require leaders to demonstrate various attitudes and diverse leadership styles. The transactional style of leadership could have a negative impact on team motivation, performance, and creativity. Leaders exhibiting this style of leadership are likely to reduce the motivation and engagement of team members within the criminal justice system. On the other hand, the situational leadership styles tend to overlook the long-term objective in the criminal justice system giving priority to short-term goals. Situational leadership is not effective where repetitive tasks require to be accomplished. Leaders deploying transformational leadership style in the criminal justice system are likely to encourage team members to misuse their privilege and powers.
Reference
Asghar, S., & Oino, D. (2017). Leadership styles and job satisfaction. Asghar, S., & Oino, I.(2018). Leadership Styles and Job Satisfaction, Market Forces , 13 (1), 1-13.
Goodwin, D. K. (2019). Leadership: In turbulent times . Simon & Schuster.
Zhelanova, V., Palamar, S., & Yepikhina, M. (2020, January). Leadership Qualities of a Modern University Student in the Reflexive Dimension. In 5th International Conference on Social, Economic, and Academic Leadership (ICSEALV 2019) (pp. 102-108). Atlantis Press.
Gandolfi, F., & Stone, S. (2018). Leadership, leadership styles, and servant leadership. Journal of Management Research , 18 (4), 261-269.
Braswell, M. C., McCarthy, B. R., & McCarthy, B. J. (2017). Justice, crime, and ethics . Taylor & Francis.
Pratt, J., & Anderson, J. (Eds.). (2020). Criminal Justice, Risk and the Revolt Against Uncertainty . Springer Nature.
