The full name of Emmy Noether was Amalie Emmy Noether, and she was born on 23rd March 1882 in Erlangen, Germany. She died on 14th April 1935 in Pennsylvania in the United States. She was a well-known German mathematician, and her inventions in higher algebra have been recognized as the utmost inventive intellectual algebraist of the current moments. Emmy Noether was a recognized teacher in French and English in girls' schools in 1900. Instead, she chose to concentrate on studying mathematics at the University of Erlangen, which currently is termed as the University of Erlangen-Nurnberg. During those moments, women had only been permitted to audit classes with their instructor's permission. Thus, she spent most of her winter auditing classes in 1903-1904 at the University of Gottingen. She was taught by mathematicians like Hermann Minkowski, Felix Klein, and David Hilbert astronomer Karl Schwarzschild. Noether returned to Erlangen in 1904, the moment when women were being permitted to become full students. She acquired a degree in 1907 from Erlangen with a thesis on algebraic invariants. She stayed there, in which she worked on her exploration and assisted her father without pay, Max Noether, the mathematician who lived between 1844 and 1921.
In 1915, she got invited by her lecturers Klein and Hilbert to Gottingen, where she applied her know-how on invariants to explore the mathematics behind the theory of general relativity, which had been recently published by Albert Einstein ( Becker, 2020 ). Her lecturers convinced her to stay the harsh objections by some faculty members who were against a woman taking part in schooling practices at the university. Nonetheless, she taught only in classes the name of under Hilbert. During that time, she came up with the idea that the Lagrangian indicated that the physical structure does not change when there is a change in the coordinate system, which means that there is a conserved quantity. For instance, if the Lagrangian is the changes sovereign in time, it means that the amount conserved is energy. Thus, the relationship between physical structure symmetries and conservation laws is what is termed as Noether's theorem and has been globally applied in theoretical physics. In 1919, she was an academic lecturer admission—her discovery of abstract theory aided in drawing together different mathematical advancements.
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After 1927 she shifted her concentration towards non-commutative algebras–algebras that the multiplication order influences the answer–their direct alterations and their uses to specific commutative ideologies. Noether made the non-commutative theory in algebra in a new and abstract design ( Radford, 2016 ). Through collaboration with Richard Brauer and Helmut Hasse, she discovered non-commutative algebras' development plus their use in commutative fields through the cross product.
In the history of women competent in mathematics, Emmy Noether is considered the most creative genius in mathematics. Her theories are the best produced since the higher education history of women. Her contributions changed the understanding of different mathematical concepts even in current times. According to Albert Einstein, she was the most creative and significant female mathematician in history. Nonetheless, she left a record of the difficulties women face in gaining an education, emotional, and personal life. Noether never married, and even though she had love affairs, she never trumpets them. She was happy with the way women were finally acquiring acceptance in mathematics and other fields. Additionally, Noether lived for math and cared less about possessions or housework. She smiled and laughed a lot in her photos.
I choose to write about Emmy since I was inspired by one of my lecturers, who happens to be the only female who has taught me in my music class in a couple of years. The lecturer mentioned Noether's name during one of her lessons. From her words, Emmy had made many discoveries like the general abstract algebra, number theory, and group theory–she had it all. Also, having Einstein and Hilbert behind her is an occurrence that cannot be assumed in world history. Nonetheless, she died from an operation on a pelvic tumor in the 1935 spring. But unfortunate as it is, I can say that her life's work was all done; she got spared the horrors of World War II.
Noether should be known since whenever an individual observes some symmetrical object, some homogeneity or predictability of parts, you will be seeing some works done by her. Her theories also play a significant role in explaining the standing up of bicycles. The discoveries also unite different physical ideologies like heat and time in a design that allows physicists to explain the happening of things. Gender was a big part of her work line, and she was not permitted to attend university at first. Nonetheless, she felt she was born for math and made her way through auditing courses at Erlangen University, in which her father taught mathematics. Noether's brilliance was evident to her colleagues, and her male mentors undertook her cause and gave her chances to teach in some of their lessons ( Becker, 2020 ). She had already proven herself as an incredible great mathematician, whose discoveries had gained notice by mathematical legends like Klein and Hilbert. In her seven years of teaching, she also produced six papers that got considered classics and established a reputation internationally, all without pay, title, or position.
The most relevant part of her life is her life struggles in becoming a well-known mathematician; she became a role model to girls and women to acquire anything they want through resilience. Women are currently becoming directors in large companies in Germany and other countries in a male-dominated society. She is a role model to many both in the field of mathematics and outside school. Mathematicians from different generations and countries have praised her work in algebra. Therefore, in my opinion, Emmy Noether is the founding mother of mathematics.
References
Becker, H. (2020). Emmy Noether: The Most Important Mathematician You've Never Heard Of . Kids Can Press Ltd.
Radford, D. (2016). On Emmy Noether and Her Algebraic Works.
