Epidemiology is the study of diseases in populations, which provides an opportunity to understand the relative contribution of different factors of an illness and their interaction. Epidemiologists study the patterns and prevalence of diseases among large populations. This data can then be used to inform public health strategies and interventions ( Moher et al., 2007) . For example, without epidemiology research, it is not possible to understand the extent of the HIV crisis in several parts of the world, which prompted a significant public awareness campaign and an action from the WHO
This method can help in addressing population health challenges in the community in several ways. Firstly, epidemiology can be used in studying the history of the health of populations such as the homeless. It can then be used to diagnose the health problem of the community and how to deal with it. Public health professions use epidemiological methods to conduct disease surveillance, investigate an outbreak, and observe studies to identify risk factors of specific health challenges ( Moher et al., 2007) . Knowing risk factors to a health condition in human populations can help in directing further research as well as implement disease control measures
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Epidemiology methods also help in addressing health challenges in the social community by identifying hazards that are most important in an area. In essence, epidemiology is often referred to as the cornerstone of public health, as it helps understand the distribution and determinants of diseases. Researchers today are focusing on population-based approaches to disease prevention, which makes it necessary to conduct epidemiology research ( Moher et al., 2007) .
An example is using epidemiology research to plan the placement of health services among the homeless population in California who suffer from constant TB outbreaks. Very little is known concerning the prevalence of TB among the homeless population. Several theories have linked this prevalence to overcrowding of homeless people on the street, while others belief poor early diagnosis of the health condition has caused the rise in TB rates among the homeless ( Hwang, Lee & Kong, 2018) . Epistemology research is conducted to determine the risk and causal factors to this peaked problem among the population. The objective will include assessing the prevalence of TB disease in the homeless population and find out factors leading to its prevalence.
References
Hwang, Y. W., Lee, Y. J., & Kong, S. Y. (2018). Epidemiology and clinical outcomes of tuberculosis among homeless persons visiting emergency department in public hospital. The American journal of emergency medicine , 36 (1), 164-166.
Moher, D., Tetzlaff, J., Tricco, A. C., Sampson, M., & Altman, D. G. (2007). Epidemiology and reporting characteristics of systematic reviews. PLoS medicine , 4 (3), e78.
