Evidence-Based Nursing Practice

Analysis of the Data 

Different, but relevant and comparable data emerged from the studies on patient-centered care (PCC), culturally responsive care, and patient safety in diverse populations. The conceptualization of the patient centered care was highest among “other staffs” compared, accounted for >33% of the total results. PCC was similarly supported strongly by the Frontline providers, who recorded >30% PCC conceptualization. Nonetheless, there was a significant depreciation in the level of conceptualization among the middle management and the senior medical leadership who recorded >18% and >19% support of PCC respectively (Fix et al., 2018). Empirically, it is absolutely right to theorize that that high conceptualization of patient-centered care among the frontline providers and other staffs is associated with the fact that they interact more frequently with the patients as compared to the middle management and senior medical center leadership (Fix et al., 2018). Arguably, the high conceptualization of PCC by the frontline providers and other staffs not only lead to enhanced satisfaction score among patients, but also improves reputation of the providers, increases moral and the productivity of the providers and ancillary staffs, as well as improved resource allocation. 

Mixed views resulted from the study on the nurses’ experience with culturally diverse families; hence, four themes were generated based on the feedback obtained from the nurses. Majority of the nurses (65) supported theme 1, which indicated that the nurses’ experience “involved encountering culturally diverse family as a tight rope between responsibility, ethical commitment, and barriers.” In this case, it is hypothetical that the 65 nurses perceived the encountering culturally diverse family not only as a responsibility, but also as an ethical commitment. On the contrary, 30 responses aligned to theme two perceived nurses’ experience with culturally diverse families to be involving consideration of cultural manifestation as guts of wind instability, but 20 of the responses aligned to theme three perceived it to involve crossing the tightrope by understanding flexibility and recursiveness (Murcia and Lopez, 2016). It is hypothetical from the third theme that the nurses embraced their experience with culturally diverse families as platform through which they could acquire knowledge on flexibilities within different cultures as well how to operate within them. Accordingly, this was much close the fourth theme supported by 37 nurses, who perceived the experience as way of bridging the gap between the cultural families and the nurses by offering a platform for interaction. 

Patent safety in diverse population was rated in terms of levels and accuracy over given years of study. Below 12 years, the level and accuracy of data on patient safety in diverse population was rated at 37% low, 30% medium, and 5% adequate, but a 12-year exact study showed that level and accuracy was >54% low, >37% medium, and >23% adequate. Here, there is some form of controversy in the data because all measurement elements have increased. However, the data collected between 13 and 15 years of study are quite reliable as they depict a clear trend. Since, the percentage lowness has depreciated significantly, it is accompanied by a notable increase in percentage medium and adequacy of the levels and accuracy. A similar scenario is evident between 16 and 20 years of study (Cherian et al., 2019). Conclusively, one of the common elements noted from the data sets is that in every case, the outcome of the results is significantly influenced by level of experience of the respondents when all other factors are held constant. 

Consideration 

One of the viable decisions that might be made in practice about the data related to patient-centered care include the decisions on the approaches to improve the conceptualization of the middle management and the senior medical leadership in patient-centered care. Patient-centered education and empowerment, empowerment of the frontline provides and other staff on PCC would be among the best decisions related to the data on the patient-centered care. Inclusion of patients in treatment decisions reflecting their values, preference, and needs is also a useful decision related to the subject. On the other hand, the types of decisions that might be made in practice about data on culturally responsive care would include introducing ethical principles on cultural sensitive care to enhance the practice and implementation of culturally responsive care. Similarly, another decision related to this might include the need to educate nurses on the significance of culturally responsive care in order for them to have a positive mindset while interacting with culturally diverse families. This will significantly enable them to have a common, positive experience on culturally responsive care. Finally, decisions related to patient safety in diverse population would include increasing the years of study to find more information on how the level and accuracy of patient safety in a diverse population change over time and the relationship between the years of study and the level and accuracy of data. 

Identification and justification 

Cultural competency training and education is one of the plausible interventions to address quality, safety, and improved health outcomes across diverse populations and systems. It is a significant intervention as it results in a better ability to understand, communicate, and effectively interact freely with people from across different cultures. The strategy reduces miscommunication by at least 15%, and this enhances the quality of care provision by enabling free patient-nurse interaction ( Paskett et al., 2016 ) . Implementation of multilevel approach is another workable intervention that would enhance quality and improve health outcome across diverse populations and systems. Multilevel interventions affect at least two influence levels – for instance, the patient and the healthcare provider ( Paskett et al., 2016 ). The implementation of the intervention in addressing health disparities depict some promise in improving multicultural population health. Multi-level interventions, such as the implementation of Affordable Care Act and local policies, are more effective in elimination of health disparities as they tend to address a person’s social and physical environment. 

Reflection 

The data analysis might drive evidence-based practice in a series of ways. The analysis provide new knowledge on how different professional groups conceptualize PCC, the nurses’ experience with cultural diverse families, and patient safety in different populations. The knowledge retrieved from the analysis serve as critical clinical evidence applied in evidence-based practice in making patient-care decisions. The analyzed data are useful in improving patient outcomes. Nonetheless, there were gaps identifiable within the data analysis. For instance, with reference to conceptualization of patient-centered care, there were no data on various opinions of the professionals examined regarding PCC. The availability of search information would help in defining the differences in the rate of conceptualization between the professionals. Also, in relation to patient safety in a diverse population, the data provided are not much elaborate and do not provide adequate information related to the subject. Thus, there is need for more research on the area. 

References 

Cherian, R., Sarkar, U., Khoong, E. C., Ackerman, S., Gourley, G., & Schillinger, D. (2019). Standardization in diverse populations: implementation of evidence-based practices in a safety-net setting. HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice , 3 (1), e43-e46. 

Fix, G. M., Vandeusen Lukas, C., Bolton, R. E., Hill, J. N., Mueller, N., Lavela, S. L., & Bokhour, B. G. (2018). Patient ‐ Centered Care Is A Way of Doing Things: How Healthcare Employees Conceptualize Patient ‐ Centered Care.  Health Expectations ,  21 (1), 300-307. 

Murcia, SEA, & Lopez, L. (2016). The Experience of Nurses in Care for Culturally Diverse Families: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis.  Latin American Magazine of Enfermagem ,  24 . 

Paskett, E., Thompson, B., Ammerman, A. S., Ortega, A. N., Marsteller, J., & Richardson, D. (2016). Multilevel interventions to address health disparities show promise in improving population health.  Health Affairs ,  35 (8), 1429-1434.