Overuse and misuse of anti-biotic drugs have greatly contributed to the phenomenon known as antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance develops when the bacteria being treated evolves in such a way that the effectiveness of the antibiotic is decreased or eliminated. The antimicrobial agents have been used for such a long time that the infection causing organisms have adapted to the drugs making it difficult to eliminate these bacteria (Prevention, 2017) . Antibiotic resistance has been a growing danger to public health in all states in the U.S.A and all over the world. This resistance ensures that the bacteria is not harmed by the antibiotics and continues to weaken the patient and spread to other people.
In 2017 the CDC released a report on the initiatives it was taking to combat the growing phenomenon of antibiotic resistance. The CDC was leading efforts to empower the Unites State nation to respond effectively to antibiotic resistance and use partners in the healthcare, agricultural and veterinary industries to drive effective actions that tackles the threat of antibiotic resistance. In January 2018 the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention released information in the Antibiotic Resistance Investment Map which showed progress in their efforts to combat the Antibiotic Resistance (Prevention, 2018) . The report showed large numbers of successes on identifying and managing rare and resistan t bacteria to protect the people of the nation.
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The issue of fighting Antibiotic Resistance among the population is important in ensuring that the people are in good health and are able to fight bacteria that invade their bodies. Human antibodies sometime fail to fight off bacteria that are rare and strong and require the help of antibiotics from hospitals to eliminate the bacteria. If these antibiotics are not strong enough to kill the bacteria the human body will weaken leading to death. According to a review by Lord Jim O’Neill, 10 million deaths each year are estimated to be as a result of Antibiotic Resistance if at all no actions were taken to respond to the global problem of Antibiotic Resistance (Stewardson, Harbarth, & Kraker, 2016) . Therefore, there was need to combat this threat to public health and the CDC was at the forefront in ensuring that proper measures were taken to protect the future of the American people.
The reports provided by Antimicrobial Resistance Review are not population based and therefore could be biased. The report was based on a report by the ECDC who only provided contemporary estimates unlike the AMR review which added future estimates. Projections are made based on the rates of infection per 100,000 people which was multiplied by population size (O'Neill, 2014) . Public health is important in ensuring that the antibiotic resistance is diminished and eventually eliminated. The CDC require a population of healthy people who will be able to help the drugs fight the bacterial resistance. The fight against antibiotic resistance is dependent on the well-being of the people and public health is dependent on the success of the CDC against antibiotic resistance.
The threat to public health by Antibiotic Resistance has provided an opportunity for the CDC and other public health organizations to use innovation and provide new strategies, Diagnosis and better effective antibiotics. In the year 2016 the congress appointed a sum of $160 million as an investment to the CDC to fight against bacteria and antibiotic resistance (Prevention C. f., 2017) . Although the threat reported by the AMR and the ECDC were only based on the European countries and the crude data provided by the EARS-Net a surveillance network, it is a real threat to the future of public health. Data provided by reports show that more than 1% of people infected with bacteria dies due to antibiotic resistance infections (Frieden, 2013) . With the rate of resistance projected to grow each year then the rate of infections and deaths related to antibiotic resistance will also increase. The agenda on public health is put in a position where the only move is to shift their focus to the growing threat at the same time facilitating their goal of ensuring optimal public health.
Negative and Positive Implications
The advantages presented by these issues are the encouragement to institutions to develop new and effective antibiotics. Clinical studies are being funded privately and by governments to evaluate antibacterial drugs and provide the best treatment for antibiotic resistance infections without harming the immune system of the individuals. It has also promoted partnering in public health departments to increase public awareness and provide information to the public on anti-biotic resistance infections (Medicine, Division, Health, & Threats, 2018) . Negative implications to public health that are presented by the issues is the uncertainty on whether this threat will be completely eliminated or the problem will be postponed to the future. Another negative implication is the millions of public funds that is being used to provide a solution to this growing problem which would be better utilized in development.
The lack of effective antibiotics undermines the ability of institutions to fight and eliminate infectious diseases and the infection complications that presents in patients undergoing intensive treatments such as surgery, dialysis, transplants and chemotherapy. Infections can however be prevented other then cured by practicing good hand hygiene. Health professionals should prescribe the right dose of antibiotics and follow proper guidelines and precaution.
References
Frieden, D. T. (2013). Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Medicine, N. A., Division, H. a., Health, B. o., & Threats, F. o. (2018). Combating Antimicrobial Resistance: A One Health Approach to a Global Threat: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.
O'Neill, J. (2014). Tackling a crisis for the health and wealth of nations. Review on Antimicrobial Resistance , 1-2.
Prevention, C. f. (2017). Antimicrobial Resistance. Centre for Disease Control and Prevention , 1-2. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/
Prevention, C. f. (2017). What CDC is Doing: AR Solutions Initiative. Centre for Disease Control and Prevention , 1-2. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/solutions-initiative/index.html
Prevention, C. f. (2018). Fighting antibiotic resistance: CDC tool maps progress in every state, but still more to be done. Centre for Disease Control and Preventio , 1-2. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2018/p0110-fighting-antibiotic-resistance.html
Stewardson, A. J., Harbarth, S., & Kraker, M. E. (2016). Will 10 Million People Die a Year due to Antimicrobial Resistance by 2050? Plos Medicine . doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002184
