Germany Population Analysis

Introduction

Population statistics is one of the data regarding a country that can be used to determine many factors regarding the said country. Different economic measures can be obtained as a result of population data, including growth rate and the determination of the population under the poverty line. Moreover, it is easy for national planning where trends on population growth are available. As a result, it is critical to obtain population data and notice trends to enable future planning catering for expected growth in population. This paper tables a report on the population statistics in the different cities in Germany.

Descriptive Statistics 

Assuming that the missing values present zero (which is not the case, since population cannot be zero), the above descriptive statistics has been determined for the years highlighted. The population in the various cities shows growth between the 1987 to 1995 period as seen from the mean values of the growth. Nevertheless, the population experienced slight reductions over the following census. This statistic can be confirmed from the median values, which also confirm that the population was experiencing reduction based on the median values obtained. While the 1987 data can be taken with a pinch of salt due to the addition of zero values to cater for cities without census data, data from the year 1995 is fully reliable as all values are present for analysis. Consider the table below, which represents the data explained above:

Figure 1 : Median and Mean Value Graph 

Z Testing 

Having determined the measures available to each city, the dataset also presents the different outliers, which the data has. Using z-tests, the population data was subjected to measures to determine outliers. From the above data, an analysis has provided variances, which shall be used to determine outliers. The table below was obtained after conducting z-tests for two means:

In each of the years, there were at least 181 observations. In this case, the analysis for the year 1987 was left out as this dataset contained non-numeric data. From the above data, variances as provided in the previous table are rounded off to two decimal places and inserted for optimal results. Again, the data confirms the above assertion that the population dipped at one point, and then begins to recover. Adding the mean to the z-value, one finds that cities with a population value over 206,007 people is an outlier city. On the minimum value, cities having people under the minimum population of 152,019 have less than expected individuals.

Correlation

Taking the values for the city of Aachen and assuming that all cities are growing at the same rate, a correlation table for the data is provided:

From the above data, correlation is available for all five values. According to this information, correlation coefficient is one, showing that a linear positive relationship exists between the data points. As a result, it can be said that a positive correlation exists between the census years for the city, thereby supporting a linear growth path.

Conclusion 

Conclusively, data from the various censuses has shown that there exists population growth in Germany despite experiencing a drop in population in the 1990s. Nevertheless, the country is on the path to population recovery having registered population growth in recent years.