GIS is also known as the geographic information systems; these are computer systems that are used in the manipulation of data. These computer systems include both hardware and software systems, working together for the achievement of specific tasks. Data can be manipulated in a number of ways with an aim of obtaining the inference associated with a subject under study. The GIS, therefore, enables its users to perform various activities from the initial capturing of data through its analysis and finally, to its storage for representation purposes (GIS.com, 2016). GIS can, therefore, be used in a wide range of activities that involve the manipulation of data. These activities may involve business enterprises, government agencies, research facilities, environmental science entities and even, on people as portrayed by the census. The data manipulated by GIS is normally in the form of geographical data which undergoes integration and which finally, is presented in the form of a map project. This gives the readers of this geographic information systems ample time when selecting the required pieces of information that are required for the completion of a specific project (Sui, 2014). In many countries, the data presented by geographic information systems are often availed publicly for the consumption of any interested parties. The National wildlife refuge is among the areas where GIS plays an important role. There is a need for an effective GIS in national wildlife aimed at protecting the indigenous game lives from extinction.
As a result of human activities over the recent past, the natural wildlife that inhabits the surface of the earth has been exposed to threats, existentially speaking. Activities such as deforestation, increased levels of technology and pollution have caused naturally occurring events that threaten the existence of wildlife. Global warming and climate change are among these hazardous events that have come to be associated with the careless acts of humanity. In order to prevent the extinction of our natural wildlife, therefore, there is a need for the use of GIS in order to manage, analyze and depict geographical data.
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GIS helps in the monitoring of population and distribution. The population can be referred to as the number of objects occurring in a specific area of study during a specific period of time. The population should be monitored in order to ensure the optimal number of natural wildlife inhabit a specific geographical area. Despite the fact that the natural ecosystem has the ability to be in a state of balance by the help of the food chain and food webs, this wild game should often be distributed evenly throughout a specific geographical area. Monitoring population and distribution, therefore, ensures that a monitored number inhabit a specific geographical area during a specific period, preventing the underutilization or over utilization of natural resources.
GIS also helps in the evaluation of habitat use by wildlife. In the wild, different objects and animals co-exist together within the ecosystem. There are many habitats within an ecosystem where this wildlife perform most of their routine activities. Like in geographical distribution, evaluating habitat use is often aimed at ensuring the natural geographical habitat is used in an even manner. Habitat use evaluation, therefore, identifies the important factors that attract specific wildlife to specific environments and then creates an ecosystem with the factors of attraction evenly distributed. For example, after having performed a habitat use evaluation and having even inferred that a dam has caused the increase in an area's wildlife population, more dams can be established within the habitat in an evenly distributed manner for the optimal consumption of resources.
Lastly, GIS is necessary for the wildlife conservation because of its use in monitoring the progress of the initiated conservation activities. The above-mentioned points including the monitoring population and evaluating habitat use are all aimed at monitoring the progress of the conservation activities. Wildlife conservation is an investment not only aimed at conserving wildlife but also expected to generate revenue to a country’s government. Just like any other investment, there is a need also for monitoring the progress of the conservation activities in order to ensure all the activities are in line with the set goals and objectives of the project.
GIS is, therefore, a very important system within the wildlife conservation or refuge. This is because it aids in the monitoring of the conservation activities. This is achieved by monitoring population and distribution and evaluation of habitat use by the natural wildlife species.
References
GIS.com. (2016). Guide to Geographic Information Systems
Sui, D. (2014). Opportunities and Impediments for an Open GIS. Transactions in GIS, 18(1), 1-24.
