Hackers Gain Direct Access to U.S. Power Grid Controls

Question 1 

Cyber security threats are malicious acts that damage, steal, or disrupt data in any digital setup. In this case, the ethical issues related to cyber security threats are trade secrets and sabotage. The hackers gain access to the US power grid controls, where they gained credentials from victims. They gained access to the power grid machines where they started controlling them, causing blackouts in America. Therefore, it is essential to come up with ways to stop the hackers from accessing the power grid by all means to protect the crucial details of the companies and the machine, as this will help prevent the constant blackouts. 

Question 2 

Applying the deontological or consequentialist approach while addressing cyber threats will help reduce them now and in the future. The two ethical theories are important for the decision-making that concerns any cyber security threats in any organization. Cyber threats have affected many businesses across the borders. The use of the consequentialist approach helps identify the consequences of cyber threats and tends to develop ways that reduce the threat and hope to uphold the ethics of the different companies in society. It helps to protect the companies' future without worrying about any cyber-attacks or any loss of crucial clients' information. 

Question 3 

The pluralist approach states that no single group has the right to gain dominance as nothing categorical about power should be assumed in any community. This criteria can be employed in developing and implementing an effective international act on cyber practices as it will help create successful forms that will help curb cyber security threats (Loi & Christen , 2020). The approach will help create good cyber norms that will help in the growth of companies without fear of attacks. The international agreement on cyber norm will help regulate all the ethical issues on the cyber-attacks globally and the pluralist approach will ensure that no country is dominating in the issue of the cyber norm but all are equal. 

References 

Loi, M., & Christen, M. (2020). Ethical Frameworks for Cybersecurity. In  The Ethics of Cybersecurity  (pp. 73-95). Springer, Cham.