Factors under the Control of Healthcare Managers That Contribute to the Decrease in the Number of People Applying to Health Professions Schools
The factors under the control of healthcare managers are low levels of job satisfaction by current employees, reduced student exposure, and limited training capacity in health profession schools ( Gąsiorowski, Rudowicz, & Safranow, 2015). Healthcare organizations can improve this situation by creating partnerships between learning institutions and healthcare institutions. These partnerships will help increase student exposure at the clinical facilities, thus increasing their interest in taking healthcare courses. Healthcare managers need to respond to the needs of their current employees. This increases the current employees' job satisfaction, thus inspiring students to enroll in health care programs. Healthcare organizations can also share resources with educational institutions to expand the training capacity in health profession schools.
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Healthcare executives are charged with the responsibility to oversee and coordinate the different sections of the organization. Executives have oversight over healthcare providers such as surgeons, doctors, nurses, and other practitioners. Additionally, they have oversight over administrative staff ( Stefl, 2016) . In the sense of the different groups of people they work with and have control over, health care executives are inherently HR managers. Executives can best prepare to perform well in these sections by gaining a brief exposure in the Human Resource department.
Professionalization and Occupation
Professionalization refers to the process which transforms occupations or trade into a true and publicly recognized “profession”. Professionalization creates a boundary, often referred to as "occupational closure." As a result, the profession now bars entry from outsiders, the unqualified, and amateurs. Occupation refers to the activities undertaken by an individual to earn his livelihood, whereas; profession is an activity requiring specialized training qualification, skills, and knowledge (Hinojosa et al, 2017) . Nursing is a profession attained through specialized education and training in a nursing school and healthcare facility. Those who have not undergone this training are barred from the profession.
How Managed Care Has Affected the Healthcare Professions
Managed care has resulted in the introduction of changes to many components of the U.S. healthcare delivery system. Changes such as access to quality care and cost effectiveness have influenced clinical practitioners and healthcare administrator’s perception of the consequences of managed care in healthcare systems (Donaldson et al, 2019) . For instance, the billing units have changed from individual physicians to group practices and organized delivery systems. M anaged healthcare has also impacted the staffing ratios of the entire healthcare delivery systems. “Application of managed care organization staffing ratios to the entire delivery system implies significant physician surpluses (particularly specialists) and shortages of nurse practitioners and physician assistants,” ( Donaldson et al, 2019) .
Why Healthcare Executives Should Conduct a Job Analysis
Job analysis involves the recording and collection of job-related data useful in determining the ideal employee to perform a job function. Healthcare executives should undertake job analysis as it helps in workforce planning and development (Mayhew, 2019) . Job analysis helps healthcare executives during decision making regarding the reorganization of the organization. Job analysis provides information on the work environment, job duties, and tasks. Jobs analysis also equips healthcare executives with the necessary data when coming up with a fair pay structure. Findings from conducting job analysis are critical during decision making, especially on matters of workforce development and planning.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Multi-Skilled Health Practitioners
Multi-Skilled Health Practitioners (MSHP) are healthcare workers trained to serve in multiple disciplines. The benefit of hiring a multi-skilled health practitioner is that it offers an employee improved job satisfaction resulting in enhanced productivity (Noe et al, 2017). These employees are also able to perform more roles, making them an asset to the organization, which could result in career development. The shortfall of using MSHP is that it can compile pressure on the employees to take on extra duty, thus stretching them beyond their limits. The organization can also ask these employees to take on additional responsibilities without offering compensation for their services.
References
Donaldson, M., Yordy, K., Lohr, K., & Vanselow, N. (2019). Life in the Kaleidoscope: The Impact of Managed Care on the U.S. Health Care Workforce and a New Model for the Delivery of Primary Care. Retrieved 1 October 2019, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK232633/
Gąsiorowski, J., Rudowicz, E., & Safranow, K. (2015). Motivation towards medical career choice and future career plans of Polish medical students. Advances in health sciences education , 20 (3), 709-725.
Hinojosa, J., Kramer, P., Royeen, C. B., & Luebben, A. J. (2017). The core concept of occupation. Perspectives on Human Occupations: Theories Underlying Practice , 23.
Mayhew, R. (2019). The Importance of Job Analysis. Retrieved 2 October 2019, from https://bizfluent.com/info-7736246-importance-job-analysis.html
Noe, R. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., Gerhart, B., & Wright, P. M. (2017). Human resource management: Gaining a competitive advantage . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education
Stefl, M. E. (2016). Common competencies for all healthcare managers: the Healthcare Leadership Alliance model. Journal of healthcare management , 53 (6).
