The patient’s risk factors for heart failure are: an extended history of myocardial infarction and prominent cardiomegaly. The patient has potential hyperthyroidism as shown by the neck results i.e. JVD and HJR positive results may affirm presence. Attributed factors which predispose the patient to heart failure includes lateral PMI displacement, LVH and low ejection fraction. Heart attack i.e. myocardial infarction is associated with more than half of the existing heart failure cases ( Ziaeian & Fonarow, 2016) . In the patient’s context, myocardial infarction can be tracked and related to the elevated heart beat rates and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy which resulted by overworked ventricular muscles leading to fatigue and atrophy.
When a coronary artery essential in supplying blood to the heart gets blocked or disputed either by physical particles such as a blood clot, there is reduced blood volume reaching the heart. This necessitates increased ventricular activity to pump high volumes of blood to ensure that all blood tissues have adequate access to nutrients and oxygen. With time, the left ventricle is overworked, as exhibited in hypertrophy, leading to exhaustion and subsequent heart failure is initiated.
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The patient suffers from left-sided heart failure as the ability of the left chamber (ventricle) is compromised as exhibited by the ECG results. Also, presence of pulmonary edema may be associated with fluid retention in the lungs due to the increased pulmonary blood pumping. Also, the patient may be having systolic heart failure as exhibited by loss of muscle flexibility causing dysfunctional processes such as cardiomegaly. Due to the attributed risks in cardiomegaly, +2 pitting edema characterized by abnormal sweating and myocardial infarction, the patient can be generalized as having congestive heart failure.
Reference
Ziaeian, B., & Fonarow, G. C. (2016). Epidemiology and aetiology of heart failure. Nature Reviews Cardiology , 13 (6), 368.
