1. Why is Vesalius important?
Andreas Vesalius lived between 1514 and 1564 and was a renaissance physician who revolutionized medicine and the understanding of biology. Throughout his time, anatomy and surgery were considered to be of lesser importance compared to other branches of medicine. Vesalius believed that medicine was grounded in anatomy and surgery. He thus made various anatomical dissections, and he showed the importance of understanding the structure of the body in the field of medicine. Vesalius is thus important for his contributions to modern medicine because he furthered the understanding of human anatomy by using scientific methods for dissections. His ideas helped improve medicine and overcome challenges and limitations throughout the 16th century. He also created accurate drawings of the human body by using painters. The paintings enabled doctors to have a better understanding of the human body.
2.What is medical astrology?
Medical astrology is an ancient branch of astrology that identifies the association between parts of the universe such as the sun, moon, and the planets and the human body, drugs, and diseases. One of the approaches used was the Zodiac Man diagram used to associate zodiac signs with different parts of the body. The belief was that human beings had associations with the universe, and they could undergo treatment by following the Zodiac signs. When seeking treatment, one had to consider the patient’s personality, the part of the body affected, and the time of the year and season when the patient had become sick. The study was not based on any scientific basis and is a pseudoscience.
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3.How did ancient Chinese regimes include the family to be part of its governing system? Food? Society? How do you assess this system? What can we learn from it?
Ancient Chinese included family as part of the governing system by using royal families in the leadership. The main governance was under the emperors, who were considered kings. Their wives had the title of an empress and were regarded as queens. The empress had the power to influence the emperor and the court and was considered a very important person. The main food in the north was millet, while the south had rice as their main crop. Farmers also kept various animals like chickens, pigs, and goats. The farmers would work for the government for about a month every year. They also had to pay tax by giving the government a certain percentage of their harvest. The society was under strong leadership and governance, and different members had to work for the government and undertake different projects like building city walls, palaces, and canals. The analysis of the system shows that it was very structured and organized. The lessons can be applied in modern society to increase governance by improving organization and order.
4.What was the role of literati in ancient China? Was literary training part of government training? How did literature help governing? Did literature play the same role in the West?
The literati, also referred to as scholar-officials, carried out various social welfares such as teaching in private schools, negotiating minor disputes, supervising community projects, and maintaining law and order. They primarily worked for the government and were government officials and politicians appointed by the emperor of China. Literary training was a critical part of government training in ancient China. Government officials were required to be educated and would undertake examinations before they became civil servants. There were different ranks in civil service, and one could move higher the ranks by passing the examinations in the levels. Literature helped in governing as the literate people had the task of overseeing various projects. The highest-ranked officials were the most educated and worked in the palace and reported to the empire. The officials worked in local districts and would be involved in collecting taxes and enforcing taxes. Their literacy improved the dissemination of their service. Literature did not play a similar role in the West. There was no requirement that one should be educated before they could have a leadership position. Literacy was important for enlightenment, debate, and religious studies.
