1.1.4 To estimate the percentage of households in Connecticut which use fuel oil as a heating source, a researcher collects information from 1000 Connecticut households about what fuel is their heating source. State the individual, variable, population, sample, parameter, and statistic
1 . Households in Connecticut - I ndividual
2. Percentage of households in Connecticut who use fuel oil as heating source - variable
3. Set of all responses of Connecticut households as to heating source - Population data
4. Set of 1000 responses of Connecticut households as to heating source - Sample data
5. Percentage of those who use fuel oil as heating source calculated from the population of Connecticut households - Parameter
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6. percentage of those who use fuel oil as heating source calculated from the sample of 1000 Connecticut households - Statistic
1.1.8 The World Health Organization wishes to estimate the mean density of people per square kilometer, they collect data on 56 countries. State the individual, variable, population, sample, parameter, and statistic
Individual: single country
Variable: Mean density of people per square kilometer
Population: Set of all countries in the world
Sample: 56 countries where data were collected
Parameter: Mean density per square kilometer for all countries
Statistic: Mean density per square kilometer from the sample of 56 countries
1.2.4 You wish to determine the GPA of students at your school. Describe what process you would go through to collect a sample if you use a stratified sample.
Obtain a list of all students at the school from the registrar's office.
Assign each student a number.
Separate the students into different groups by major to form strata
Use a random number generator to randomly choose the students you want to have in your sample from each major and record their GPA.
1.3.4 To evaluate whether a new fertilizer improves plant growth more than the old fertilizer, the fertilizer developer gives some plants the new fertilizer and others the old fertilizer. Is this an observation or an experiment? Why?
This is an experiment : because you imposed a treatment (new fertilizer on some plants, old on others) to determine its effect
1.3.10 A mathematics instructor wants to see if a computer homework system improves the scores of the students in the class. The instructor teaches two different sections of the same course. One section utilizes the computer homework system and the other section completes homework with paper and pencil. Are the two samples matched pairs or not? Why or why not?
The samples are not matched pairs since there are two independent samples; those using computer and those using paper and pencil
1.3.16 To determine if a new medication reduces headache pain, some patients are given the new medication and others are given a placebo. Neither the researchers nor the patients know who is taking the real medication and who is taking the placebo. Is this a blind experiment, double blind experiment, or neither? Why?
This is a double-blind because neither the patients nor the researchers know who is taking the real medication and who is taking the placebo
1.4.2 Suppose a car dealership offers a low interest rate and a longer payoff period to customers or a high interest rate and a shorter payoff period to customers, and most customers choose the low interest rate and longer payoff period, does that mean that most customers want a lower interest rate? Explain.
No it doesn’t mean customers want a lower interest rate because interest rate and payoff period length are both variables, we cannot conclude that customers want the lower interest rate regardless of length of payoff period
1.4.8 Suppose a telephone poll is conducted by contacting U.S. citizens via landlines about their view of gay marriage. Suppose over 50% of those called do not support gay marriage. Does that mean that you can say over 50% of all people in the U.S. do not support gay marriage? Explain
No you cannot say 50% in the U.S. do not support gay marriage support because you do not know the demographic of the people who do not support. This is could be biased because only people surveyed were those in the US with landlines.
1.4.14 An employee survey says, “Employees at this institution are very satisfied with working here. Please rate your satisfaction with the institution.” Discuss how this question could create bias.
There is a leading question or the question presents a response to itself, potentially biasing the survey respondent's actual answer.
2.1.4 In Connecticut households use gas, fuel oil, or electricity as a heating source. Table #2.1.7 shows the percentage of households that use one of these as their principle heating sources ("Electricity usage," 2013), ("Fuel oil usage," 2013), ("Gas usage," 2013). Create a bar chart and pie chart of this data. State any findings you see from the graphs.
Table #2.1.7: Data of Household Heating Sources
| Heating Source | Percentage |
| Electricity |
15.3% |
| Fuel Oil |
46.3% |
| Gas |
35.6% |
| Other |
2.8% |
Fig 1:Bar chart
Fig 2: Pie chart
Findings
From the two graphs few people use sources other than fuel oil which is the most used heating source
Gas is used contribute 36% of the heating sources which is the second most used
Other sources of heating forms 2% of the sources which is the least
Electricity contributes 15% of the heating sources which is the third most.
The findings from both graphs matched
