In referring to the well-known poems all over the world, there are several influential experiences which are impossible to be overlooked. Social and personal changes experienced by poets compel them to doubt their faith in the world around them. The unexpected events including loss of lives by their loved ones, shaking them and causing them to spend a lot of time writing a poem of commemoration of their historical lives.
Howard Phillips Lovecraft, an American author, accomplished ensuing recognition after his death through his powerful works of fiction normally of a horror-genre (Lovecraft, 1984). Lovecraft was raised by a stiff and psychotic mother and two of his aunts. His father died at a very tender age of two. The family had little capital to sustain them and due to his nervous diseases, he was often quarantined at home for long periods of time (Joshi, 2013). Yet again, in his adulthood, Lovecraft was jobless, living in poverty and continuously getting thinner on a miserable diet of chilled spaghetti and canned beans (Lovecraft, 1984). To make it more difficult, his better half, whom he relocated to New York for in any case, had accepted a job
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A significant number of Lovecraft's stories are recited like cruelly interpreted dreams. In his early childhood he had nightmares and vicious dreams. Lovecraft termed these miseries, which he gave miniature expression in his fictions, "night-gaunts" (Lovecraft, 1984). It was his perception that the popular gothic fictions recreate the horror and paralysis of a specific sort of dream. Lovecraft emphasizes on the inner soul (Lovecraft, 1984). His theme is the nonstop attack on people of oblivious forces of disintegration, dissolution; the breakdown of sanity underneath the heft of chaos; and the victory of meaningless elements like the underground gods Nyarlathotep and Azathoth.
Reasons
Lovecraft often wrestled with the thought of civilization battling against crude, dark barbarism. In a few tales this battle is on a specific level; a significant number of his heroes are extremely well-educated, cultured men who are steadily tarnished by some abstruse and dreaded influence.
In a few parts of his stories, the curse is regularly a heritable one, either in light of breeding with non-humans, for instance, ‘The Shadow over Innsmouth’ in 1931 or via direct supernatural impact ‘The Case of Charles Dexter Ward’. Furthermore, mental and physical deprivation frequently converge; the subject of ‘tarnished blood’ may symbolize matters identifying with Lovecraft's family history, especially the loss of his father because of what Lovecraft more likely assumed to be a syphilitic illness.
The most contentious feature of Lovecraft's heritage is ‘Race’, communicated in numerous ridiculed comments against the diverse non-Anglo-Saxon cultures and races in his narratives. Lovecraft considered the exclusive race to embrace every one of those self-recognized through exalted culture (Joshi, 2013). In his initial published articles, he contended for a solid color line to conserve culture and race. He made these contentions by direct defamation of several races in his letters and newspaper writings. and maybe symbolically in his tales regarding non-human races.
Some readers have translated his racial opinion as being more ethnic than severely biological. Lovecraft was more compassionate to individuals who embraced the Western culture, as far as even getting married to a Jewish lady whom he saw as "utterly integrated". Whereas his racial demeanor has been viewed as straightforwardly impacted by the general public of his era, particularly the England community he has been raised up in. Lovecraft’s racism emerged greater compared to the general accepted perspective.
The Waste Land Poem
‘ The Waste Land’ poem, by Eliot, is an allegory that talks about the situations happening around the world. The poem has no storyline or a plot, rather, it is a collection of images which illustrate the state all over the world. Its fragmented structure is a representative of the ‘Contemporary’ era as well as the thrilling self-awareness Eliot had when he was writing the poem. Just as the poem is based on the condition of the world around us, it talks about the state of literature as well.
The writer, Eliot, is very cognizant about the enormous duty he has placed on himself. The poem has been split into five sectors which are united by only one theme ‘Despair’. Its introductory paragraph presents the concepts of life's eventual uselessness regardless of the momentary flickers of hopefulness.
Emotive and spiritual desolation of the current world are the major themes of this poem (Eliot, 2018). Human beings have lost their faith in religion and God, their hunger to contribute in religion. Furthermore, as a result, the degeneration of conviction has brought about the emotional and spiritual loss of vivacity. Thus, the living in the contemporary wilderness is like living in death. Rendering to Eliot's perspective, hitherto as the humankind, our actions should either have done in an evil or good manner, and it is much better to act in an evil manner compared to doing nothing. The contemporary man has misplaced his sense of evil and good, and this shields him from acting and living. In the advanced devastate, there is an existence in death, an existence of entire apathy, inactivity and littleness.
Reasons
Eliot was influenced by the repercussion of World War I that happened in 1914 and lasted through 1918. The poem spoke of the most disparaging warfare in human history. Numerous people regarded the poem as an arraignment postwar of the European ethnicity and as a manifestation of cynicism with modern culture, which was alleged by Eliot to be culturally sterile.
The poem is rich of mythical and literary allusions that resort to numerous cultures and globalize the themes in the poem. As indicated by Eliot’s legend, only those who have a chaste heart can achieve the Grail (Eliot, 2018). In the rendition of the Grail fable which Eliot resorts to, a wasteland is anticipating a supernatural restoration for itself and its dying leader, the Fisher King, protector of the Holy Grail.
Medicine
The short narrative, "Medicine", talks about uneducated and poor parents spending all their earnings to obtain a piece of bread using new human blood, which is derived from an executed activist (Leo, 1977). For they trust that human blood will treat their child from tuberculosis. Nevertheless, in the end the child still dies.
Lu Xun’s book is considered a splendid book indicating an artistic crowning in his calling and a success in contemporary Chinese fiction in the twentieth century. His spirit of great effort, mindfulness of repentance, and personal lyricism and emotion which are merged in his poem has blossomed into a significant heritage for the Chinese citizens and Chinese fiction.
In Lu Xun’s era in Japan, he discovered that it is not sensible enough for individuals to be physically strong as long as they are yet apathetic in mind. The writer forms characters who embodies him as a cultural man but again refuses to give them abilities which make them desirable. This describes more about Lu Xun’s challenging self-consciousness as well as his perspective of the community where traditional norms were extremely extraneous (Leo, 1977, p 166-168). The fiction talks about several problems concerning the intellect class which the writer originated from, to nationwide characteristics, and the desolation of a divine culture being exchanged with a substantial one.
Reasons
Lu Xun’s story is about the mistakes of China, the imperfections that live within the Chinese general appeal, and the obstacles that hinders a person’s spiritual growth. He is demonstrating selfishness, hypocrisy, cruelty and apathy that underline the manner in which his community functions and consumes humankind completely. These depravities are the writer’s scenario of China’s societal evils which destroy the country. For several people, personal triumph by a conventional education is worthless in the time where individuals started doubting the Chinese ethnic credentials.
Lu Xun’s life experiences as well as the societal truth commonly influence him to be an author for modernization. Moreover, the two are also aspects of the manner in which and the reason as to why he pens his short yet an extremely educating narrative (Leo, 1977). Lu Xun’s fiction replicates the irrelevance and ignorance of ordinary individuals, and the boundless courage and the sacrificial character of revolutionaries. It is inscribed to support modernization and to plead for ordinary individual’s alertness of danger.
In conclusion, all the details in the poem assist the reader to form an image of the authors’ life in time of despair. The poem helps us come to a conclusion regarding matters relating to faith and death through the private lives of each author. These poems may be perceived as a conclusion to their lives’ works as much as they do not set anything in stone regarding their ultimate views.
References
Eliot, T. (2018). The Waste Land by T. S. Eliot. Journal on Poetry . Retrieved from https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/47311/the-waste-land
Joshi, S. T. (2013). I am Providence . New York: Hippocampus Press. ISBN 978-1-61498-053-7.
Leo Ou-fan Lee, “Genesis of Writer: Notes on Lu Xun’s Educational Experience, 1881-1909”, in Merle Godman, ed., Journal on Modern Chinese Literature in the May Fourth Era. Cambridge: Harvard, 1977.
Lovecraft, Howard P. (1984) [1928]. "The Call of Cthulhu". In S. T. Joshi. The Journal on Dunwich Horror and Others (9th corrected printing ed.). Sauk City, WI: Arkham House. ISBN 0-87054-037-8. Definitive version.
